New players in the programmed cell death mechanism

Apoptosis is a form ‘cell suicide’, in which a series of programmed molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. “When a cell senses that something is wrong, it can commit ‘suicide’, or apoptosis, to prevent itself from dividing and spreading the problem. This is a normal mechanism present in all cells of the body and one way by which the body gets rid of unneeded or abnormal cells.

“Most cancers block this process, so that they can proliferate forever. So, understanding the process and knowing the actors that are involved is important in order to identify new targets that can be used to develop therapy for cancer, for instance”, explains Dominique Leboeuf, Skoltech Center for Life Sciences PhD student and one of the authors of the study.

Apoptosis is an essential process for proper organ development, immune system functioning, and defense against viral infections and cancerous transformation. Once the apoptotic program is initiated in a cell, special enzymes, called caspases, are activated and cleave a very specific set of proteins.

“The goal of the study was to sort out this set and identify the proteins that are important in the apoptotic program. To do this, we looked at the evolutionary conservation of caspase substrates and additional characteristics of these proteins, based on sequence, structure and biochemical properties. We believed that the proteins that were the most preserved, and met our selection criteria, would be critical in the apoptotic process,” stated Skoltech Neurobiology and Brain Restoration Center professor Konstantin Piatkov.

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This work is an important step in the understanding of the apoptotic program, and can be used to further investigate the therapeutic potential of the identified proteins.

On this study Skoltech collaborated with Nina Gubina from the RAS Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics and and Maxim Pyatkov from the RAS Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology in Pushchino.