Review Maps Solid Solution Formability in Multi-Principal Element Alloys

A new review published in the Journal of Materials Science systematically summarizes the current research progress on the solid solution formability of multi-principal element alloys. The study, authored by Xuyuan Chen, Zaiji Zhan, Xiaoyu Wang, Yunsong Zhang, Haiyao Cao, and Jiaqi Shang, addresses the significant challenges posed by the intrinsic compositional diversity and chemical complexity of these emerging material systems. While multi-principal element alloys are recognized for their unique structural features and excellent comprehensive properties, their complexity creates substantial hurdles for synthesizability prediction, microstructure regulation, and property optimization. The review aims to provide a robust theoretical foundation for addressing these challenges by integrating various analytical approaches.

The authors organize their evaluation of solid solution formability around three primary aspects: thermodynamic, geometric, and electronic parameters. This tripartite framework allows for a comprehensive assessment of how different atomic and structural factors influence the ability of these alloys to form stable solid solutions. By categorizing the key parameters in this manner, the review offers a structured perspective on the underlying mechanisms that govern alloy formation. This approach helps clarify the distinct contributions of each parameter type to the overall formability of the material.

Thermodynamic parameters are identified as essential indicators of solid solution formability. The review indicates that this formability is essentially governed by the competition between enthalpy and entropy, as well as the change in Gibbs free energy.

Geometric parameters are also examined to reveal the apparent correlation between lattice geometrical features and solid solution formability. The authors note that these parameters help correct discrepancies that exist between ideal thermodynamic models and realistic systems.

Electronic parameters, derived from atomic bonding characteristics and electronic band structures, are used to clarify the microscopic formation mechanism of solid solutions.

The review concludes that multi-scale modeling and computational tools can effectively compensate for the inherent limitations of the three parameter types discussed. The integration of semi-empirical parameters with multi-scale computational strategies is presented as a robust approach for synthesizability prediction and rational compositional design.

Subject of Research: Review of solid solution formability parameters in multi-principal element alloys

Article Title: Review: research progress on solid solution formability of multi-principal element alloys

Article References: Chen, X., Zhan, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Cao, H., & Shang, J. (2026). Review: research progress on solid solution formability of multi-principal element alloys. Journal of Materials Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-026-13618-7

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DOI: 10.1007/s10853-026-13618-7

Keywords: multi-principal element alloys, solid solution formability, thermodynamic parameters, geometric parameters, electronic parameters, materials science, alloy design, computational modeling, Review, research, progress, solid