Bid to reconstruct richness of prehistoric oceans

Scientists are reconstructing the world’s “pristine” prehistoric oceans.

Ocean conservation is a global concern, but the researchers say we don’t currently know what the oceans were like before major impacts caused by humans.

Using sediments, shells and bones, and a host of cutting-edge analysis techniques, the Seachange project aims to find out.

Jointly led by the University of Exeter, the University of York, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Germany) and the University of Copenhagen (Denmark), the project will discover how depleted the current marine environment is, what measures are needed to help biodiversity to recover and how long this might take.

The project has today been awarded European Research Council Synergy Grant of 11.75 million euros (£10.5 million).

“We will be able to reconstruct the full richness and diversity of the oceans immediately before they were impacted by significant human activity, for instance before Iceland was settled or there was significant whaling in Antarctica,” said Professor James Scourse, of the University of Exeter.

“This will provide a basis for assessing whether regions that we regard now as pristine, or not impacted significantly, are actually degraded remnants of a formerly much more diverse ecosystem.”

The project will test the scale and rate of biodiversity loss as a result of fishing and habitat destruction over the last 2,000 years in the North Sea and around Iceland, eastern Australia and the west Antarctic Peninsula, as well as the earlier transition from hunter-gatherer to farming communities in northern Europe around 6,000 years ago.

The project will analyse the shells of bivalve molluscs, marine sediment cores and archaeological kitchen waste materials including shells and bones.

These will be precisely dated and analysed using zooarchaeological and palaeoecological, stable isotope geochemical and environmental DNA metabarcoding analyses.

Professor Callum Roberts, from the University of York, said: “In developing detailed, dated time-series of ocean ecosystem change, we expect to be able to detect the earliest signs of human influence on the sea.

“And by understanding how the seas of today are different from the past, we will be able to better manage them for the future.”

Synergy is the ERC’s most prestigious grant scheme and only around 50 grants will be awarded this year. This is the first time the University of Exeter has won a grant from the scheme.

It caps an excellent year for the University, where six other researchers have been awarded grants from the ERC’s Starting, Consolidator and Advanced Grant schemes.

Seachange project partners include Curtin University, the University of Queensland (both Australia), the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz (Germany) and the University of Bergen (Norway).

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