{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"BIOENGINEER.ORG","provider_url":"https:\/\/bioengineer.org","author_name":"BIOENGINEER.ORG","author_url":"https:\/\/bioengineer.org","title":"Signal transduction in cells: Precise or economical?","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"

Signal transduction in cells: Precise or economical?<\/a><\/blockquote><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/bioengineer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Signal-transduction-in-cells-Precise-or-economical.jpg","thumbnail_width":600,"thumbnail_height":180}<!doctype html>      <html class="no-js" lang="en-US">  <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=yes' /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://bioengineer.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <title>BIOENGINEER.ORG</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <script type="text/javascript"> var jnews_ajax_url = '/?ajax-request=jnews' </script> <script type="text/javascript">;window.jnews=window.jnews||{},window.jnews.library=window.jnews.library||{},window.jnews.library=function(){"use strict";var e=this;e.win=window,e.doc=document,e.noop=function(){},e.globalBody=e.doc.getElementsByTagName("body")[0],e.globalBody=e.globalBody?e.globalBody:e.doc,e.win.jnewsDataStorage=e.win.jnewsDataStorage||{_storage:new WeakMap,put:function(e,t,n){this._storage.has(e)||this._storage.set(e,new Map),this._storage.get(e).set(t,n)},get:function(e,t){return this._storage.get(e).get(t)},has:function(e,t){return this._storage.has(e)&&this._storage.get(e).has(t)},remove:function(e,t){var n=this._storage.get(e).delete(t);return 0===!this._storage.get(e).size&&this._storage.delete(e),n}},e.windowWidth=function(){return e.win.innerWidth||e.docEl.clientWidth||e.globalBody.clientWidth},e.windowHeight=function(){return e.win.innerHeight||e.docEl.clientHeight||e.globalBody.clientHeight},e.requestAnimationFrame=e.win.requestAnimationFrame||e.win.webkitRequestAnimationFrame||e.win.mozRequestAnimationFrame||e.win.msRequestAnimationFrame||window.oRequestAnimationFrame||function(e){return setTimeout(e,1e3/60)},e.cancelAnimationFrame=e.win.cancelAnimationFrame||e.win.webkitCancelAnimationFrame||e.win.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame||e.win.mozCancelAnimationFrame||e.win.msCancelRequestAnimationFrame||e.win.oCancelRequestAnimationFrame||function(e){clearTimeout(e)},e.classListSupport="classList"in document.createElement("_"),e.hasClass=e.classListSupport?function(e,t){return e.classList.contains(t)}:function(e,t){return e.className.indexOf(t)>=0},e.addClass=e.classListSupport?function(t,n){e.hasClass(t,n)||t.classList.add(n)}:function(t,n){e.hasClass(t,n)||(t.className+=" "+n)},e.removeClass=e.classListSupport?function(t,n){e.hasClass(t,n)&&t.classList.remove(n)}:function(t,n){e.hasClass(t,n)&&(t.className=t.className.replace(n,""))},e.objKeys=function(e){var t=[];for(var n in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)&&t.push(n);return t},e.isObjectSame=function(e,t){var n=!0;return JSON.stringify(e)!==JSON.stringify(t)&&(n=!1),n},e.extend=function(){for(var e,t,n,o=arguments[0]||{},i=1,a=arguments.length;i<a;i++)if(null!==(e=arguments[i]))for(t in e)o!==(n=e[t])&&void 0!==n&&(o[t]=n);return o},e.dataStorage=e.win.jnewsDataStorage,e.isVisible=function(e){return 0!==e.offsetWidth&&0!==e.offsetHeight||e.getBoundingClientRect().length},e.getHeight=function(e){return e.offsetHeight||e.clientHeight||e.getBoundingClientRect().height},e.getWidth=function(e){return e.offsetWidth||e.clientWidth||e.getBoundingClientRect().width},e.supportsPassive=!1;try{var t=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){e.supportsPassive=!0}});"createEvent"in e.doc?e.win.addEventListener("test",null,t):"fireEvent"in e.doc&&e.win.attachEvent("test",null)}catch(e){}e.passiveOption=!!e.supportsPassive&&{passive:!0},e.setStorage=function(e,t){e="jnews-"+e;var n={expired:Math.floor(((new Date).getTime()+432e5)/1e3)};t=Object.assign(n,t);localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(t))},e.getStorage=function(e){e="jnews-"+e;var t=localStorage.getItem(e);return null!==t&&0<t.length?JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(e)):{}},e.expiredStorage=function(){var t,n="jnews-";for(var o in localStorage)o.indexOf(n)>-1&&"undefined"!==(t=e.getStorage(o.replace(n,""))).expired&&t.expired<Math.floor((new Date).getTime()/1e3)&&localStorage.removeItem(o)},e.addEvents=function(t,n,o){for(var i in n){var a=["touchstart","touchmove"].indexOf(i)>=0&&!o&&e.passiveOption;"createEvent"in e.doc?t.addEventListener(i,n[i],a):"fireEvent"in e.doc&&t.attachEvent("on"+i,n[i])}},e.removeEvents=function(t,n){for(var o in n)"createEvent"in e.doc?t.removeEventListener(o,n[o]):"fireEvent"in e.doc&&t.detachEvent("on"+o,n[o])},e.triggerEvents=function(t,n,o){var i;o=o||{detail:null};return"createEvent"in e.doc?(!(i=e.doc.createEvent("CustomEvent")||new CustomEvent(n)).initCustomEvent||i.initCustomEvent(n,!0,!1,o),void t.dispatchEvent(i)):"fireEvent"in e.doc?((i=e.doc.createEventObject()).eventType=n,void t.fireEvent("on"+i.eventType,i)):void 0},e.getParents=function(t,n){void 0===n&&(n=e.doc);for(var o=[],i=t.parentNode,a=!1;!a;)if(i){var r=i;r.querySelectorAll(n).length?a=!0:(o.push(r),i=r.parentNode)}else o=[],a=!0;return o},e.forEach=function(e,t,n){for(var o=0,i=e.length;o<i;o++)t.call(n,e[o],o)},e.getText=function(e){return e.innerText||e.textContent},e.setText=function(e,t){var n="object"==typeof t?t.innerText||t.textContent:t;e.innerText&&(e.innerText=n),e.textContent&&(e.textContent=n)},e.httpBuildQuery=function(t){return e.objKeys(t).reduce(function t(n){var o=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:null;return function(i,a){var r=n[a];a=encodeURIComponent(a);var s=o?"".concat(o,"[").concat(a,"]"):a;return null==r||"function"==typeof r?(i.push("".concat(s,"=")),i):["number","boolean","string"].includes(typeof r)?(i.push("".concat(s,"=").concat(encodeURIComponent(r))),i):(i.push(e.objKeys(r).reduce(t(r,s),[]).join("&")),i)}}(t),[]).join("&")},e.get=function(t,n,o,i){return o="function"==typeof o?o:e.noop,e.ajax("GET",t,n,o,i)},e.post=function(t,n,o,i){return o="function"==typeof o?o:e.noop,e.ajax("POST",t,n,o,i)},e.ajax=function(t,n,o,i,a){var r=new XMLHttpRequest,s=n,c=e.httpBuildQuery(o);if(t=-1!=["GET","POST"].indexOf(t)?t:"GET",r.open(t,s+("GET"==t?"?"+c:""),!0),"POST"==t&&r.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),r.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest"),r.onreadystatechange=function(){4===r.readyState&&200<=r.status&&300>r.status&&"function"==typeof i&&i.call(void 0,r.response)},void 0!==a&&!a){return{xhr:r,send:function(){r.send("POST"==t?c:null)}}}return r.send("POST"==t?c:null),{xhr:r}},e.scrollTo=function(t,n,o){function i(e,t,n){this.start=this.position(),this.change=e-this.start,this.currentTime=0,this.increment=20,this.duration=void 0===n?500:n,this.callback=t,this.finish=!1,this.animateScroll()}return Math.easeInOutQuad=function(e,t,n,o){return(e/=o/2)<1?n/2*e*e+t:-n/2*(--e*(e-2)-1)+t},i.prototype.stop=function(){this.finish=!0},i.prototype.move=function(t){e.doc.documentElement.scrollTop=t,e.globalBody.parentNode.scrollTop=t,e.globalBody.scrollTop=t},i.prototype.position=function(){return e.doc.documentElement.scrollTop||e.globalBody.parentNode.scrollTop||e.globalBody.scrollTop},i.prototype.animateScroll=function(){this.currentTime+=this.increment;var t=Math.easeInOutQuad(this.currentTime,this.start,this.change,this.duration);this.move(t),this.currentTime<this.duration&&!this.finish?e.requestAnimationFrame.call(e.win,this.animateScroll.bind(this)):this.callback&&"function"==typeof this.callback&&this.callback()},new i(t,n,o)},e.unwrap=function(t){var n,o=t;e.forEach(t,(function(e,t){n?n+=e:n=e})),o.replaceWith(n)},e.performance={start:function(e){performance.mark(e+"Start")},stop:function(e){performance.mark(e+"End"),performance.measure(e,e+"Start",e+"End")}},e.fps=function(){var t=0,n=0,o=0;!function(){var i=t=0,a=0,r=0,s=document.getElementById("fpsTable"),c=function(t){void 0===document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]?e.requestAnimationFrame.call(e.win,(function(){c(t)})):document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0].appendChild(t)};null===s&&((s=document.createElement("div")).style.position="fixed",s.style.top="120px",s.style.left="10px",s.style.width="100px",s.style.height="20px",s.style.border="1px solid black",s.style.fontSize="11px",s.style.zIndex="100000",s.style.backgroundColor="white",s.id="fpsTable",c(s));var l=function(){o++,n=Date.now(),(a=(o/(r=(n-t)/1e3)).toPrecision(2))!=i&&(i=a,s.innerHTML=i+"fps"),1<r&&(t=n,o=0),e.requestAnimationFrame.call(e.win,l)};l()}()},e.instr=function(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t.length;n++)if(-1!==e.toLowerCase().indexOf(t[n].toLowerCase()))return!0},e.winLoad=function(t,n){function o(o){if("complete"===e.doc.readyState||"interactive"===e.doc.readyState)return!o||n?setTimeout(t,n||1):t(o),1}o()||e.addEvents(e.win,{load:o})},e.docReady=function(t,n){function o(o){if("complete"===e.doc.readyState||"interactive"===e.doc.readyState)return!o||n?setTimeout(t,n||1):t(o),1}o()||e.addEvents(e.doc,{DOMContentLoaded:o})},e.fireOnce=function(){e.docReady((function(){e.assets=e.assets||[],e.assets.length&&(e.boot(),e.load_assets())}),50)},e.boot=function(){e.length&&e.doc.querySelectorAll("style[media]").forEach((function(e){"not all"==e.getAttribute("media")&&e.removeAttribute("media")}))},e.create_js=function(t,n){var o=e.doc.createElement("script");switch(o.setAttribute("src",t),n){case"defer":o.setAttribute("defer",!0);break;case"async":o.setAttribute("async",!0);break;case"deferasync":o.setAttribute("defer",!0),o.setAttribute("async",!0)}e.globalBody.appendChild(o)},e.load_assets=function(){"object"==typeof e.assets&&e.forEach(e.assets.slice(0),(function(t,n){var o="";t.defer&&(o+="defer"),t.async&&(o+="async"),e.create_js(t.url,o);var i=e.assets.indexOf(t);i>-1&&e.assets.splice(i,1)})),e.assets=jnewsoption.au_scripts=window.jnewsads=[]},e.setCookie=function(e,t,n){var o="";if(n){var i=new Date;i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*n*60*60*1e3),o="; expires="+i.toUTCString()}document.cookie=e+"="+(t||"")+o+"; path=/"},e.getCookie=function(e){for(var t=e+"=",n=document.cookie.split(";"),o=0;o<n.length;o++){for(var i=n[o];" "==i.charAt(0);)i=i.substring(1,i.length);if(0==i.indexOf(t))return i.substring(t.length,i.length)}return null},e.eraseCookie=function(e){document.cookie=e+"=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;"},e.docReady((function(){e.globalBody=e.globalBody==e.doc?e.doc.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]:e.globalBody,e.globalBody=e.globalBody?e.globalBody:e.doc})),e.winLoad((function(){e.winLoad((function(){var t=!1;if(void 0!==window.jnewsadmin)if(void 0!==window.file_version_checker){var n=e.objKeys(window.file_version_checker);n.length?n.forEach((function(e){t||"10.0.4"===window.file_version_checker[e]||(t=!0)})):t=!0}else t=!0;t&&(window.jnewsHelper.getMessage(),window.jnewsHelper.getNotice())}),2500)}))},window.jnews.library=new window.jnews.library;</script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="BIOENGINEER.ORG » Feed" href="https://bioengineer.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="BIOENGINEER.ORG » Comments Feed" href="https://bioengineer.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/bioengineer.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/fonts/font-awesome/font-awesome.min.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-icon-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/fonts/jegicon/jegicon.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jscrollpane-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/jquery.jscrollpane.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='oknav-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/okayNav.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='magnific-popup-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/magnific-popup.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='chosen-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/chosen/chosen.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-main-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/main.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-pages-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/pages.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-responsive-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-pb-temp-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/pb-temp.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-style-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/style.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-darkmode-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/css/darkmode.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://bioengineer.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://bioengineer.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cropped-bioengineering-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cropped-bioengineering-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cropped-bioengineering-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cropped-bioengineering-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="wp-embed-responsive jeg_toggle_light"> <div class="jeg_ad jeg_ad_top jnews_header_top_ads"> </div>  <div class="jeg_viewport"> <div class="jeg_header_wrapper"> <div class="jeg_header_instagram_wrapper"> </div>  <div class="jeg_header normal"> <div class="jeg_topbar jeg_container jeg_navbar_wrapper dark"> <div class="container"> <div class="jeg_nav_row"> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_left jeg_nav_grow"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignleft"> <div class="jeg_nav_item"> <ul class="jeg_menu jeg_top_menu"><li id="menu-item-2586" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-2586"><a href="http://bioengineer.org">HOME</a></li> <li id="menu-item-191104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-191104"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/science-news/">NEWS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1842"><a href="http://bioengineer.org/category/explore/">EXPLORE</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3370"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/">CAREER</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3371"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/companies/">Companies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3372"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/">Jobs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3093" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3093"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/events/">EVENTS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-4844"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/">iGEM</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4845"><a href="http://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/news-igem/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5013"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/team/">Team</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1860" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1860"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/photos/">PHOTOS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2629" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2629"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/video-explore/">VIDEO</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2293" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2293"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/wiki/">WIKI</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-586" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-586"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/blog/">BLOG</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45"><a href="https://Bioengineer.org/#">COMMUNITY</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5800"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bioengineer.org">FACEBOOK</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5803"><a href="http://instagram.com/bioengineering/">INSTAGRAM</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5802"><a href="https://twitter.com/bioengineerorg">TWITTER</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1846" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1846"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/contact-us/">CONTACT US</a></li> </ul></div><div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_top_date"> Monday, December 23, 2024</div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_center jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_aligncenter"> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_right jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignright"> Social icon element need <strong>JNews Essential</strong> plugin to be activated. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="jeg_midbar jeg_container jeg_navbar_wrapper normal"> <div class="container"> <div class="jeg_nav_row"> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_left jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignleft"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_logo jeg_desktop_logo"> <div class="site-title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/" aria-label="Visit Homepage" style="padding: 0 0 0 0;"> <img class='jeg_logo_img' src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/logo_sariyazi.png" srcset="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/logo_sariyazi.png 1x, https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2x_logo_sariyazi.png 2x" alt="BIOENGINEER.ORG"data-light-src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/logo_sariyazi.png" data-light-srcset="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/logo_sariyazi.png 1x, https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2x_logo_sariyazi.png 2x" data-dark-src="" data-dark-srcset=" 1x, 2x"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_center jeg_nav_grow"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignleft"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_nav_html"> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_nav_search"> <div class="jeg_search_wrapper jeg_search_no_expand square"> <a href="#" class="jeg_search_toggle"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> <form action="https://bioengineer.org/" method="get" class="jeg_search_form" target="_top"> <input name="s" class="jeg_search_input" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value="" autocomplete="off"> <button aria-label="Search Button" type="submit" class="jeg_search_button btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form>  <div class="jeg_search_result jeg_search_hide with_result"> <div class="search-result-wrapper"> </div> <div class="search-link search-noresult"> No Result </div> <div class="search-link search-all-button"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> View All Result </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_right jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignright"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_nav_account"> <ul class="jeg_accountlink jeg_menu"> <li><a href="#jeg_loginform" aria-label="Login popup button" class="jeg_popuplink"><i class="fa fa-lock"></i> Login</a></li> </ul> </div><div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_nav_icon"> <a href="#" aria-label="Show Menu" class="toggle_btn jeg_mobile_toggle"> <span></span><span></span><span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="jeg_bottombar jeg_navbar jeg_container jeg_navbar_wrapper jeg_navbar_normal jeg_navbar_shadow jeg_navbar_normal"> <div class="container"> <div class="jeg_nav_row"> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_left jeg_nav_grow"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignleft"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_main_menu_wrapper"> <div class="jeg_mainmenu_wrap"><ul class="jeg_menu jeg_main_menu jeg_menu_style_1" data-animation="slide"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-2586 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://bioengineer.org">HOME</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-191104 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/science-news/">NEWS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1842 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://bioengineer.org/category/explore/">EXPLORE</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3370 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/">CAREER</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3371 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/companies/">Companies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3372 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/">Jobs</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3373 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/lecturer/">Lecturer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3404 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/phd-studentship/">PhD Studentship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3375 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/postdoc/">Postdoc</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3486" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3486 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/research-assistant/">Research Assistant</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3093 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/events/">EVENTS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-4844 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/">iGEM</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4845 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/news-igem/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5013 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/team/">Team</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1860 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/photos/">PHOTOS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2629 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/video-explore/">VIDEO</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2293 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/wiki/">WIKI</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-586 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/blog/">BLOG</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://Bioengineer.org/#">COMMUNITY</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5800 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bioengineer.org">FACEBOOK</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5803 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://instagram.com/bioengineering/">INSTAGRAM</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5802 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://twitter.com/bioengineerorg">TWITTER</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1846 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/contact-us/">CONTACT US</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_center jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_aligncenter"> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_right jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignright"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="jeg_header_sticky"> <div class="sticky_blankspace"></div> <div class="jeg_header normal"> <div class="jeg_container"> <div data-mode="scroll" class="jeg_stickybar jeg_navbar jeg_navbar_wrapper jeg_navbar_normal jeg_navbar_normal"> <div class="container"> <div class="jeg_nav_row"> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_left jeg_nav_grow"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignleft"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_main_menu_wrapper"> <div class="jeg_mainmenu_wrap"><ul class="jeg_menu jeg_main_menu jeg_menu_style_1" data-animation="slide"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-2586 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://bioengineer.org">HOME</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-191104 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/science-news/">NEWS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1842 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://bioengineer.org/category/explore/">EXPLORE</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3370 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/">CAREER</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3371 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/companies/">Companies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-3372 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/">Jobs</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3373 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/lecturer/">Lecturer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3404 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/phd-studentship/">PhD Studentship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3375 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/postdoc/">Postdoc</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3486" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3486 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/bioengineering/careers/jobs/research-assistant/">Research Assistant</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3093 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/events/">EVENTS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-4844 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/">iGEM</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4845 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/news-igem/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5013 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/igem/team/">Team</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1860 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/photos/">PHOTOS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2629 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/video-explore/">VIDEO</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-2293 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/explore/wiki/">WIKI</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-586 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/blog/">BLOG</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://Bioengineer.org/#">COMMUNITY</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5800 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bioengineer.org">FACEBOOK</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5803 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="http://instagram.com/bioengineering/">INSTAGRAM</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5802 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://twitter.com/bioengineerorg">TWITTER</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1846 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/contact-us/">CONTACT US</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_center jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_aligncenter"> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_right jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignright">  <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_search_wrapper search_icon jeg_search_popup_expand"> <a href="#" class="jeg_search_toggle" aria-label="Search Button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> <form action="https://bioengineer.org/" method="get" class="jeg_search_form" target="_top"> <input name="s" class="jeg_search_input" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value="" autocomplete="off"> <button aria-label="Search Button" type="submit" class="jeg_search_button btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form>  <div class="jeg_search_result jeg_search_hide with_result"> <div class="search-result-wrapper"> </div> <div class="search-link search-noresult"> No Result </div> <div class="search-link search-all-button"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> View All Result </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_navbar_mobile_wrapper"> <div class="jeg_navbar_mobile" data-mode="scroll"> <div class="jeg_mobile_bottombar jeg_mobile_midbar jeg_container normal"> <div class="container"> <div class="jeg_nav_row"> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_left jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignleft"> <div class="jeg_nav_item"> <a href="#" aria-label="Show Menu" class="toggle_btn jeg_mobile_toggle"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_center jeg_nav_grow"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_mobile_logo"> <div class="site-title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/" aria-label="Visit Homepage"> <img class='jeg_logo_img' src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/logo352-e1516556386659.png" srcset="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/logo352-e1516556386659.png 1x, https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/logo352-e1516556386659.png 2x" alt="Bioengineer.org"data-light-src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/logo352-e1516556386659.png" data-light-srcset="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/logo352-e1516556386659.png 1x, https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/logo352-e1516556386659.png 2x" data-dark-src="" data-dark-srcset=" 1x, 2x"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_nav_col jeg_nav_right jeg_nav_normal"> <div class="item_wrap jeg_nav_alignright"> <div class="jeg_nav_item jeg_search_wrapper jeg_search_popup_expand"> <a href="#" aria-label="Search Button" class="jeg_search_toggle"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> <form action="https://bioengineer.org/" method="get" class="jeg_search_form" target="_top"> <input name="s" class="jeg_search_input" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value="" autocomplete="off"> <button aria-label="Search Button" type="submit" class="jeg_search_button btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form>  <div class="jeg_search_result jeg_search_hide with_result"> <div class="search-result-wrapper"> </div> <div class="search-link search-noresult"> No Result </div> <div class="search-link search-all-button"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> View All Result </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="sticky_blankspace" style="height: 60px;"></div> </div> <div class="jeg_ad jeg_ad_top jnews_header_bottom_ads"> </div> <div class="jeg_main "> <div class="jeg_container"> <div class="jeg_content"> <div class="jeg_vc_content"> </div> <div class="jeg_section"> <div class="container"> <div class="jeg_cat_content row"> <div class="jeg_main_content col-sm-8"> <div class="jnews_index_content_wrapper"> <div class="jeg_module_hook jnews_module_232650_0_6769b8ac11f4a" data-unique="jnews_module_232650_0_6769b8ac11f4a"> <div class="jeg_postblock_3 jeg_postblock jeg_col_2o3"> <div class="jeg_block_container"> <div class="jeg_posts jeg_load_more_flag"> <article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-updated-account-of-poroid-fungi-in-north-america/" aria-label="Read article: A new, updated account of poroid fungi in North America"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/A-new-updated-account-of-poroid-fungi-in-North-America-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Poroid Fungi of North America" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-updated-account-of-poroid-fungi-in-north-america/">A new, updated account of poroid fungi in North America</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-updated-account-of-poroid-fungi-in-north-america/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-updated-account-of-poroid-fungi-in-north-america/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Poroid fungi, commonly known as "polypores," are among the most frequently encountered fungi throughout the year because of their large ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/few-anti-immigration-users-dominate-most-of-uk-based-anti-immigration-content-on-twitter-with-rapid-spread-and-high-polarization/" aria-label="Read article: Few anti-immigration users dominate most of UK-based anti-immigration content on Twitter with rapid spread and high polarization"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Few-anti-immigration-users-dominate-most-of-UK-based-anti-immigration-content-on-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Understanding anti-immigration sentiment spreading on Twitter" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/few-anti-immigration-users-dominate-most-of-uk-based-anti-immigration-content-on-twitter-with-rapid-spread-and-high-polarization/">Few anti-immigration users dominate most of UK-based anti-immigration content on Twitter with rapid spread and high polarization</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/few-anti-immigration-users-dominate-most-of-uk-based-anti-immigration-content-on-twitter-with-rapid-spread-and-high-polarization/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/few-anti-immigration-users-dominate-most-of-uk-based-anti-immigration-content-on-twitter-with-rapid-spread-and-high-polarization/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>A study of more than 200,000 tweets from 2019 and 2020 finds that anti-immigration content spreads faster than pro-immigration tweets ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/agriculture-accelerated-human-genome-evolution-to-capture-energy-from-starchy-foods/" aria-label="Read article: Agriculture accelerated human genome evolution to capture energy from starchy foods"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Agriculture-accelerated-human-genome-evolution-to-capture-energy-from-starchy-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="The effects of agriculture on human amylase genes" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/agriculture-accelerated-human-genome-evolution-to-capture-energy-from-starchy-foods/">Agriculture accelerated human genome evolution to capture energy from starchy foods</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/agriculture-accelerated-human-genome-evolution-to-capture-energy-from-starchy-foods/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/agriculture-accelerated-human-genome-evolution-to-capture-energy-from-starchy-foods/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Over the past 12,000 years, humans in Europe have dramatically increased their ability to digest carbohydrates, expanding the number of ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/as-dogs-age-their-owner-assessed-quality-of-life-predictably-declines-with-higher-mortality-seen-at-quality-of-life-below-76-of-the-maximum-score-though-many-dogs-have-high-quality-of-life/" aria-label="Read article: As dogs age, their owner-assessed quality of life predictably declines, with higher mortality seen at quality of life below 76% of the maximum score – though many dogs have high quality of life even when at predicted lifespan"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/As-dogs-age-their-owner-assessed-quality-of-life-predictably-declines-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in senior and geriatric dogs" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/as-dogs-age-their-owner-assessed-quality-of-life-predictably-declines-with-higher-mortality-seen-at-quality-of-life-below-76-of-the-maximum-score-though-many-dogs-have-high-quality-of-life/">As dogs age, their owner-assessed quality of life predictably declines, with higher mortality seen at quality of life below 76% of the maximum score – though many dogs have high quality of life even when at predicted lifespan</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/as-dogs-age-their-owner-assessed-quality-of-life-predictably-declines-with-higher-mortality-seen-at-quality-of-life-below-76-of-the-maximum-score-though-many-dogs-have-high-quality-of-life/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/as-dogs-age-their-owner-assessed-quality-of-life-predictably-declines-with-higher-mortality-seen-at-quality-of-life-below-76-of-the-maximum-score-though-many-dogs-have-high-quality-of-life/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>As dogs age, their owner-assessed quality of life predictably declines, with higher mortality seen at quality of life below 76% ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/samples-from-bottled-water-tap-water-and-household-treated-tap-water-in-san-francisco-bay-area-indicate-that-all-sources-may-have-potential-health-risks-largely-from-trihalomethanes/" aria-label="Read article: Samples from bottled water, tap water and household-treated tap water in San Francisco Bay Area indicate that all sources may have potential health risks, largely from trihalomethanes"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Samples-from-bottled-water-tap-water-and-household-treated-tap-water-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Samples from bottled water, tap water and household-treated tap water in San Francisco Bay Area indicate that all sources may have potential health risks, largely from trihalomethanes" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/samples-from-bottled-water-tap-water-and-household-treated-tap-water-in-san-francisco-bay-area-indicate-that-all-sources-may-have-potential-health-risks-largely-from-trihalomethanes/">Samples from bottled water, tap water and household-treated tap water in San Francisco Bay Area indicate that all sources may have potential health risks, largely from trihalomethanes</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/samples-from-bottled-water-tap-water-and-household-treated-tap-water-in-san-francisco-bay-area-indicate-that-all-sources-may-have-potential-health-risks-largely-from-trihalomethanes/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/samples-from-bottled-water-tap-water-and-household-treated-tap-water-in-san-francisco-bay-area-indicate-that-all-sources-may-have-potential-health-risks-largely-from-trihalomethanes/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Samples from bottled water, tap water and household-treated tap water in San Francisco Bay Area indicate that all sources may ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/young-male-northern-elephant-seals-are-captured-on-camera-returning-to-a-deep-sea-cabled-observatory-off-canadas-british-columbia-coast-demonstrating-new-insight-into-fish-foraging-behavior/" aria-label="Read article: Young male northern elephant seals are captured on camera returning to a deep sea cabled observatory off Canada’s British Columbia coast, demonstrating new insight into fish foraging behavior"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Young-male-northern-elephant-seals-are-captured-on-camera-returning-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Deep-sea cabled video-observatory provides insights into the behavior at depth of sub-adult male northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/young-male-northern-elephant-seals-are-captured-on-camera-returning-to-a-deep-sea-cabled-observatory-off-canadas-british-columbia-coast-demonstrating-new-insight-into-fish-foraging-behavior/">Young male northern elephant seals are captured on camera returning to a deep sea cabled observatory off Canada’s British Columbia coast, demonstrating new insight into fish foraging behavior</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/young-male-northern-elephant-seals-are-captured-on-camera-returning-to-a-deep-sea-cabled-observatory-off-canadas-british-columbia-coast-demonstrating-new-insight-into-fish-foraging-behavior/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/young-male-northern-elephant-seals-are-captured-on-camera-returning-to-a-deep-sea-cabled-observatory-off-canadas-british-columbia-coast-demonstrating-new-insight-into-fish-foraging-behavior/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Young male northern elephant seals are captured on camera returning to a deep sea cabled observatory off Canada's British Columbia ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/both-cats-and-dogs-often-enjoy-playing-fetch-with-their-owners/" aria-label="Read article: Both cats and dogs often enjoy playing fetch with their owners"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Both-cats-and-dogs-often-enjoy-playing-fetch-with-their-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Making fetch happen: Prevalence and characteristics of fetching behavior in owned domestic cats (Felis catus) and dogs (Canis familiaris)" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/both-cats-and-dogs-often-enjoy-playing-fetch-with-their-owners/">Both cats and dogs often enjoy playing fetch with their owners</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/both-cats-and-dogs-often-enjoy-playing-fetch-with-their-owners/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/both-cats-and-dogs-often-enjoy-playing-fetch-with-their-owners/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Although more common in dogs, 4 in 10 pet cats also choose to play fetch with their owners, Mikel Delgado ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/collaborative-research-to-benefit-coastal-flounder-populations-and-fishers/" aria-label="Read article: Collaborative research to benefit coastal flounder populations and fishers"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Collaborative-research-to-benefit-coastal-flounder-populations-and-fishers-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="(From left) Willandia Chaves Didier, Michael Sorice, Holly Kindsvater, and Craig Ramseyer." decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/collaborative-research-to-benefit-coastal-flounder-populations-and-fishers/">Collaborative research to benefit coastal flounder populations and fishers</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/collaborative-research-to-benefit-coastal-flounder-populations-and-fishers/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/collaborative-research-to-benefit-coastal-flounder-populations-and-fishers/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Four faculty members from three departments in the College of Natural Resources and Environment have received $1.7 million from the ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/new-book-macroevolutionaries-explores-intersection-of-evolution-art-and-popular-culture/" aria-label="Read article: New book ‘Macroevolutionaries’ explores intersection of evolution, art and popular culture"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/New-book-‘Macroevolutionaries-explores-intersection-of-evolution-art-and-popular-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="'Macroevolutionaries' book cover" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/new-book-macroevolutionaries-explores-intersection-of-evolution-art-and-popular-culture/">New book ‘Macroevolutionaries’ explores intersection of evolution, art and popular culture</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/new-book-macroevolutionaries-explores-intersection-of-evolution-art-and-popular-culture/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/new-book-macroevolutionaries-explores-intersection-of-evolution-art-and-popular-culture/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>LAWRENCE — A new book of natural history essays co-written by a University of Kansas paleontologist has been published by Columbia ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/spinmagic-epr-on-a-chip-ensures-quality-of-olive-oil-and-beer/" aria-label="Read article: SpinMagIC: ‘EPR on a chip’ ensures quality of olive oil and beer"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/SpinMagIC-EPR-on-a-chip-ensures-quality-of-olive-oil-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="Michele" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/spinmagic-epr-on-a-chip-ensures-quality-of-olive-oil-and-beer/">SpinMagIC: ‘EPR on a chip’ ensures quality of olive oil and beer</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/spinmagic-epr-on-a-chip-ensures-quality-of-olive-oil-and-beer/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/spinmagic-epr-on-a-chip-ensures-quality-of-olive-oil-and-beer/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>The first sign of spoilage in many food products is the formation of free radicals, which reduces the shelf-life and ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/city-of-hope-to-offer-second-opinions-for-cancer-patients-in-southeast-asia-via-a-collaboration-agreement-with-the-healthway-cancer-care-hospital/" aria-label="Read article: City of Hope to offer second opinions for cancer patients in Southeast Asia via a collaboration agreement with the Healthway Cancer Care Hospital"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/City-of-Hope-to-offer-second-opinions-for-cancer-patients-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="CIM_AC Health Signing" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/city-of-hope-to-offer-second-opinions-for-cancer-patients-in-southeast-asia-via-a-collaboration-agreement-with-the-healthway-cancer-care-hospital/">City of Hope to offer second opinions for cancer patients in Southeast Asia via a collaboration agreement with the Healthway Cancer Care Hospital</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/city-of-hope-to-offer-second-opinions-for-cancer-patients-in-southeast-asia-via-a-collaboration-agreement-with-the-healthway-cancer-care-hospital/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/city-of-hope-to-offer-second-opinions-for-cancer-patients-in-southeast-asia-via-a-collaboration-agreement-with-the-healthway-cancer-care-hospital/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>LOS ANGELES — Oncology specialists at City of Hope®, one of the largest and most advanced cancer research and treatment ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-role-for-intelligent-tutors-powered-by-ai-in-brain-surgery/" aria-label="Read article: A new role for intelligent tutors powered by AI in brain surgery? "><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/A-new-role-for-intelligent-tutors-powered-by-AI-in-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="VR neurosurgery" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-role-for-intelligent-tutors-powered-by-ai-in-brain-surgery/">A new role for intelligent tutors powered by AI in brain surgery? </a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-role-for-intelligent-tutors-powered-by-ai-in-brain-surgery/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/a-new-role-for-intelligent-tutors-powered-by-ai-in-brain-surgery/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Neurosurgery is perhaps one of the most demanding professions in healthcare. Surgeons spend long hours performing operations where expert performance ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/at-risk-butterflies-more-likely-to-survive-with-human-help/" aria-label="Read article: At-risk butterflies more likely to survive with human help"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/At-risk-butterflies-more-likely-to-survive-with-human-help-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="butterfly research1" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/at-risk-butterflies-more-likely-to-survive-with-human-help/">At-risk butterflies more likely to survive with human help</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/at-risk-butterflies-more-likely-to-survive-with-human-help/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/at-risk-butterflies-more-likely-to-survive-with-human-help/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>VANCOUVER, Wash. – Some of the butterflies most in danger of fluttering out of existence fare better when their habitats ...</p> </div> </div> </article><article class="jeg_post jeg_pl_md_2 format-standard"> <div class="jeg_thumb"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/pfas-influence-the-development-and-function-of-the-brain/" aria-label="Read article: PFAS influence the development and function of the brain"><div class="thumbnail-container size-715 "><img width="350" height="250" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PFAS-influence-the-development-and-function-of-the-brain-350x250.jpeg" class=" wp-post-image" alt="experimental plate" decoding="async" /></div></a> </div> <div class="jeg_postblock_content"> <h3 class="jeg_post_title"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/pfas-influence-the-development-and-function-of-the-brain/">PFAS influence the development and function of the brain</a> </h3> <div class="jeg_post_meta"><div class="jeg_meta_author"><span class="by">by</span> <a href="https://bioengineer.org/author/"></a></div><div class="jeg_meta_date"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/pfas-influence-the-development-and-function-of-the-brain/"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> September 4, 2024</a></div><div class="jeg_meta_comment"><a href="https://bioengineer.org/pfas-influence-the-development-and-function-of-the-brain/#comments" ><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> 0 </a></div></div> <div class="jeg_post_excerpt"> <p>Because of their special properties – heat resistance, water and grease repellence, and high durability – PFAS are used in ...</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_navigation jeg_pagination jeg_pagenav_1 jeg_aligncenter no_navtext no_pageinfo"> <span class="page_info">Page 1 of 7687</span> <span class='page_number active'>1</span> <a class='page_number' data-id='2' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed/page/2/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbioengineer.org%2Fsignal-transduction-in-cells-precise-or-economical%2F'>2</a> <span class="page_number dots">…</span> <a class='page_number' data-id='7687' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed/page/7687/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbioengineer.org%2Fsignal-transduction-in-cells-precise-or-economical%2F'>7,687</a> <a class="page_nav next" data-id="2" href="https://bioengineer.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed/page/2/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbioengineer.org%2Fsignal-transduction-in-cells-precise-or-economical%2F"><span class="navtext">Next</span></a> </div> <script>var jnews_module_232650_0_6769b8ac11f4a = {"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_3","date_format":"default","date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","excerpt_length":20,"pagination_mode":"nav_1","pagination_align":"center","pagination_navtext":false,"pagination_pageinfo":false,"pagination_scroll_limit":false,"boxed":false,"boxed_shadow":false,"box_shadow":false};</script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_sidebar left jeg_sticky_sidebar col-sm-4"> <div class="jegStickyHolder"><div class="theiaStickySidebar"></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-holder" id="footer" data-id="footer"> <div class="jeg_footer jeg_footer_3 dark"> <div class="jeg_footer_container jeg_container"> <div class="jeg_footer_content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="jeg_footer_primary clearfix"> <div class="col-md-3 footer_column"> </div> <div class="col-md-3 footer_column"> </div> <div class="col-md-3 footer_column"> </div> <div class="col-md-3 footer_column"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jeg_footer_bottom clearfix"> <div class="container">  <div class="footer_right"> <ul class="jeg_menu_footer"><li id="menu-item-120062" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-120062 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div>  <p class="copyright"> <a href="https://bioengineer.org">Bioengineer.org</a> © Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jscroll-to-top"> <a href="#back-to-top" class="jscroll-to-top_link"><i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></a> </div> </div>  <div id="jeg_loginform" class="jeg_popup mfp-with-anim mfp-hide"> <div class="jeg_popupform jeg_popup_account"> <form action="#" data-type="login" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"> <h3>Welcome Back!</h3> <p>Login to your account below</p>  <div class="form-message"></div> <p class="input_field"> <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Username" value=""> </p> <p class="input_field"> <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" value=""> </p> <p class="input_field remember_me"> <input type="checkbox" id="remember_me" name="remember_me" value="true"> <label for="remember_me">Remember Me</label> </p> <p class="submit"> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="login_handler"> <input type="hidden" name="jnews_nonce" value="d91011dc90"> <input type="submit" name="jeg_login_button" class="button" value="Log In" data-process="Processing . . ." data-string="Log In"> </p> <div class="bottom_links clearfix"> <a href="#jeg_forgotform" class="jeg_popuplink forgot">Forgotten Password?</a> </div> </form> </div> </div>  <div id="jeg_forgotform" class="jeg_popup mfp-with-anim mfp-hide"> <div class="jeg_popupform jeg_popup_account"> <form action="#" data-type="forgot" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"> <h3>Retrieve your password</h3> <p>Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.</p>  <div class="form-message"></div> <p class="input_field"> <input type="text" name="user_login" placeholder="Your email or username" value=""> </p> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey=""></div> <p class="submit"> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="forget_password_handler"> <input type="hidden" name="jnews_nonce" value="d91011dc90"> <input type="submit" name="jeg_login_button" class="button" value="Reset Password" data-process="Processing . . ." data-string="Reset Password"> </p> <div class="bottom_links clearfix"> <a href="#jeg_loginform" aria-label="" class="jeg_popuplink"><i class="fa fa-lock"></i> Log In</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> <style> div#footers-css a { text-align:center; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; font-size: 0px; color: gray; } </style> <style> div#footer-css { text-align:center; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; font-size: 0px; color: gray; } </style><div id="footers-css"><div id="footer-css"><script type="text/javascript">  </script><div id='D86p_3925140240324'></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript">var jfla = []</script> <div id="jeg_off_canvas" class="normal"> <a href="#" class="jeg_menu_close"><i class="jegicon-cross"></i></a> <div class="jeg_bg_overlay"></div> <div class="jeg_mobile_wrapper"> <div class="nav_wrap"> <div class="item_main">  <div class="jeg_aside_item jeg_search_wrapper jeg_search_no_expand square"> <a href="#" aria-label="Search Button" class="jeg_search_toggle"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> <form action="https://bioengineer.org/" method="get" class="jeg_search_form" target="_top"> <input name="s" class="jeg_search_input" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value="" autocomplete="off"> <button aria-label="Search Button" type="submit" class="jeg_search_button btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form>  <div class="jeg_search_result jeg_search_hide with_result"> <div class="search-result-wrapper"> </div> <div class="search-link search-noresult"> No Result </div> <div class="search-link search-all-button"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> View All Result </div> </div></div><div class="jeg_aside_item"> <ul class="jeg_mobile_menu sf-js-hover"><li id="menu-item-120043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-has-children menu-item-120043 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/">Homepages</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-120044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-120044 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/">Home Page 1</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120045" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-120045 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/home-2/">Home Page 2</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-120046" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120046 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120048" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120048 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/national/">National</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120049" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120049 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/business/">Business</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120054 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/science-news/health/">Health</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120055 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/lifestyle/">Lifestyle</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120057 bgnav" data-item-row="default" ><a href="https://bioengineer.org/category/news/science-news/science/">Science</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="item_bottom"> <div class="jeg_aside_item socials_widget nobg"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bioengineer.org/" target='_blank' rel='external noopener nofollow' aria-label="Find us on Facebook" class="jeg_facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i> </a><a href="https://twitter.com/bioengineerorg" target='_blank' rel='external noopener nofollow' aria-label="Find us on Twitter" class="jeg_twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"><span class="jeg-icon icon-twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/></svg></span></i> </a><a href="#" target='_blank' rel='external noopener nofollow' aria-label="Find us on Youtube" class="jeg_youtube"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i> </a><a href="#" target='_blank' rel='external noopener nofollow' aria-label="Find us on RSS" class="jeg_rss"><i class="fa fa-rss"></i> </a></div><div class="jeg_aside_item jeg_aside_copyright"> <p><a href="https://bioengineer.org">Bioengineer.org</a> © Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jnews-scheme-css' href='https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/data/import/morningnews/scheme.css?ver=11.6.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/isotope.js?ver=11.6.6" id="isotope-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/lazysizes.js?ver=11.6.6" id="lazysizes-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/ls.bgset.js?ver=11.6.6" id="bgset-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/superfish.js?ver=11.6.6" id="superfish-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/theia-sticky-sidebar.js?ver=11.6.6" id="theia-sticky-sidebar-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.waypoints.js?ver=11.6.6" id="waypoint-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.scrollTo.js?ver=11.6.6" id="scrollto-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.parallax.js?ver=11.6.6" id="parallax-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.okayNav.js?ver=11.6.6" id="okaynav-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.mousewheel.js?ver=11.6.6" id="mousewheel-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/modernizr-custom.js?ver=11.6.6" id="modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.smartresize.js?ver=11.6.6" id="smartresize-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/chosen.jquery.js?ver=11.6.6" id="chosen-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.magnific-popup.js?ver=11.6.6" id="magnific-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.jnewsgif.js?ver=11.6.6" id="jnews-gif-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.jsticky.js?ver=11.6.6" id="jnews-sticky-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.transit.min.js?ver=11.6.6" id="jquery-transit-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/jquery.module.js?ver=11.6.6" id="jnews-landing-module-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jnews-main-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jnewsoption = {"login_reload":"https:\/\/bioengineer.org\/wp-json\/oembed\/1.0\/embed","popup_script":"magnific","single_gallery":"","ismobile":"","isie":"","sidefeed_ajax":"","language":"en_US","module_prefix":"jnews_module_ajax_","live_search":"1","postid":"0","isblog":"","admin_bar":"0","follow_video":"","follow_position":"top_right","rtl":"0","gif":"","lang":{"invalid_recaptcha":"Invalid Recaptcha!","empty_username":"Please enter your username!","empty_email":"Please enter your email!","empty_password":"Please enter your password!"},"recaptcha":"0","zoom_button":"0","stt_button_mobile":"","dm_cookie_time":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/main.js?ver=11.6.6" id="jnews-main-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://bioengineer.org/wp-content/themes/jnews/assets/js/darkmode.js?ver=11.6.6" id="jnews-darkmode-js"></script>  <script type="module">;/*! instant.page v5.1.1 - (C) 2019-2020 Alexandre Dieulot - https://instant.page/license */ let t,e;const n=new Set,o=document.createElement("link"),i=o.relList&&o.relList.supports&&o.relList.supports("prefetch")&&window.IntersectionObserver&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype,s="instantAllowQueryString"in document.body.dataset,a="instantAllowExternalLinks"in document.body.dataset,r="instantWhitelist"in document.body.dataset,c="instantMousedownShortcut"in document.body.dataset,d=1111;let l=65,u=!1,f=!1,m=!1;if("instantIntensity"in document.body.dataset){const t=document.body.dataset.instantIntensity;if("mousedown"==t.substr(0,9))u=!0,"mousedown-only"==t&&(f=!0);else if("viewport"==t.substr(0,8))navigator.connection&&(navigator.connection.saveData||navigator.connection.effectiveType&&navigator.connection.effectiveType.includes("2g"))||("viewport"==t?document.documentElement.clientWidth*document.documentElement.clientHeight<45e4&&(m=!0):"viewport-all"==t&&(m=!0));else{const e=parseInt(t);isNaN(e)||(l=e)}}if(i){const n={capture:!0,passive:!0};if(f||document.addEventListener("touchstart",(function(t){e=performance.now();const n=t.target.closest("a");h(n)&&v(n.href)}),n),u?c||document.addEventListener("mousedown",(function(t){const e=t.target.closest("a");h(e)&&v(e.href)}),n):document.addEventListener("mouseover",(function(n){if(performance.now()-e<d)return;if(!("closest"in n.target))return;const o=n.target.closest("a");h(o)&&(o.addEventListener("mouseout",p,{passive:!0}),t=setTimeout((()=>{v(o.href),t=void 0}),l))}),n),c&&document.addEventListener("mousedown",(function(t){if(performance.now()-e<d)return;const n=t.target.closest("a");if(t.which>1||t.metaKey||t.ctrlKey)return;if(!n)return;n.addEventListener("click",(function(t){1337!=t.detail&&t.preventDefault()}),{capture:!0,passive:!1,once:!0});const o=new MouseEvent("click",{view:window,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!1,detail:1337});n.dispatchEvent(o)}),n),m){let t;(t=window.requestIdleCallback?t=>{requestIdleCallback(t,{timeout:1500})}:t=>{t()})((()=>{const t=new IntersectionObserver((e=>{e.forEach((e=>{if(e.isIntersecting){const n=e.target;t.unobserve(n),v(n.href)}}))}));document.querySelectorAll("a").forEach((e=>{h(e)&&t.observe(e)}))}))}}function p(e){e.relatedTarget&&e.target.closest("a")==e.relatedTarget.closest("a")||t&&(clearTimeout(t),t=void 0)}function h(t){if(t&&t.href&&(!r||"instant"in t.dataset)&&(a||t.origin==location.origin||"instant"in t.dataset)&&["http:","https:"].includes(t.protocol)&&("http:"!=t.protocol||"https:"!=location.protocol)&&(s||!t.search||"instant"in t.dataset)&&!(t.hash&&t.pathname+t.search==location.pathname+location.search||"noInstant"in t.dataset))return!0}function v(t){if(n.has(t))return;const e=document.createElement("link");e.rel="prefetch",e.href=t,document.head.appendChild(e),n.add(t)}</script><script type="text/javascript">;!function(){"use strict";window.jnews=window.jnews||{},window.jnews.first_load=window.jnews.first_load||{},window.jnews.first_load=function(){var e=this,t=jnews.library,n="object"==typeof jnews&&"object"==typeof jnews.library;e.data=null,e.run_ajax=!0,e.run_loginregister=!0,e.clear=function(){e.run_ajax=!0,e.run_loginregister=!0,e.data=null},e.init=function(){n&&(t.globalBody.querySelectorAll(".jeg_popup_account").length&&jnews.loginregister&&e.run_loginregister&&(e.run_loginregister=!1,jnews.loginregister.init(),jnews.loginregister.hook_form()),jfla.length&&e.run_ajax&&(e.run_ajax=!1,e.do_ajax({action:"jnews_first_load_action",jnews_id:jnewsoption.postid,load_action:jfla})))},e.update_counter=function(){if(n){var o={total_view:t.globalBody.querySelectorAll(".jeg_share_stats .jeg_views_count .counts"),total_share:t.globalBody.querySelectorAll(".jeg_share_stats .jeg_share_count .counts"),total_comment:t.globalBody.querySelectorAll(".jeg_meta_comment a span")};t.forEach(Object.entries(e.data.counter),(function([e,n]){o[e].length&&t.forEach(o[e],(function(e,o){t.setText(e,n)}))}))}},e.do_ajax=function(o){if(n){var a=new XMLHttpRequest;a.onreadystatechange=function(){XMLHttpRequest.DONE===a.readyState&&200==a.status&&(e.data=JSON.parse(a.responseText),e.data.counter&&"object"==typeof e.data.counter&&e.update_counter())},a.open("POST",jnews_ajax_url,!0),a.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"),a.send(t.httpBuildQuery(o))}}},window.jnews.first_load=new window.jnews.first_load,jnews.first_load.init()}();</script> </body> </html>

No Result