• HOME
  • NEWS
    • BIOENGINEERING
    • SCIENCE NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • FORUM
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
  • CONTACT US
Saturday, January 16, 2021
BIOENGINEER.ORG
No Result
View All Result
  • Login
  • HOME
  • NEWS
    • BIOENGINEERING
    • SCIENCE NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
        • Lecturer
        • PhD Studentship
        • Postdoc
        • Research Assistant
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • FORUM
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
  • CONTACT US
  • HOME
  • NEWS
    • BIOENGINEERING
    • SCIENCE NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
        • Lecturer
        • PhD Studentship
        • Postdoc
        • Research Assistant
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • FORUM
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
  • CONTACT US
No Result
View All Result
Bioengineer.org
No Result
View All Result
Home NEWS Science News Health

HIV vaccine design should adapt as HIV virus mutates

Bioengineer by Bioengineer
May 17, 2016
in Health
0
Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on LinkedinShare on RedditShare on Telegram
IMAGE

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Human immunodeficiency virus is known to be a highly variable virus that adapts to a person’s immune response during the lifetime infection, and a new study published in Nature Medicine shows that viral adaptation in HIV can predict a person’s current disease status, as well as the degree to which newly transmitted HIV-1 is adapted to their new host.

By using a novel method to measure the extent of adaptation of a virus to a person’s cellular immune response, the investigators were able to predict how rapidly the disease will progress in that person.

The cellular arm of the immune response, through CD8+ T-cells, eliminates HIV-infected cells. These T-cells are activated by pieces of the virus, peptide epitopes, presented on the human leukocyte antigen proteins on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. HLA is a cell surface protein that is one of the most polymorphic variable parts of the human genome, as unique as each person’s DNA.

Some spontaneous mutations in HIV change the epitopes, the antigens to which a T-cell binds, so that the HLA proteins no longer present them effectively, and no longer stimulate an immune response. This process of viral adaptation is constantly occurring, and some adaptations persist even after sequential transmissions to new individuals.

An international team, led by scientists from Microsoft Research, the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Emory University, uses a model to quantify viral adaptation, showing that being infected by a virus highly adapted to their immune response is highly detrimental to that individual.

“Individuals who had the bad luck of being infected by a pre-adapted virus progressed three times faster to low CD4 counts and had much higher viral loads,” said Jonathan Carlson, Ph.D., senior researcher at Microsoft Research.

The researchers show that epitopes that are adapted are poorly recognized by the immune system when they are transmitted to individuals, and even when the adapted epitope is recognized, the immune response is much less effective at killing infected cells.

In this way, parts of the virus that would normally trigger an immune response are invisible to key components of the immune system, suggesting that universal holes exist in the immune response.

“If we can’t get functional responses to those adapted epitopes in the context of natural infection, it will be quite the challenge to get responses induced by a vaccine candidate,” said Dr. Eric Hunter, professor of pathology at Emory University.

An analysis of immune responses measured in the Step HIV vaccine trial showed that the more adapted the vaccine candidate, the poorer the response.

“As vaccines are developed for prevention of HIV, it is important to think about how we are designing it,” said Paul Goepfert, M.D., director of UAB’s Alabama Vaccine Research Clinic. “To get the immune system to respond to the vaccine, you have to think about its response to the adapted form of HIV, and focus on those parts of the virus that are most difficult to undergo adaptation.”

“The ideal vaccine would produce antibodies and cell-mediated responses,” Goepfert said. “We haven’t optimized vaccines to be nonadapted to see if they would improve efficacy.”

While the number of infections seen within the United States has decreased over the past 10 years, there are still more than 50,000 new infections each year. Effective therapy to treat HIV has been available for almost 20 years, but developing better prevention methods is essential in decreasing or ending the number of cases of infection.

###

This study was a collaborative effort, involving an international team of scientists. Led by Carlson, Hunter and Goepfert, the project included data from more than 4,000 HIV infection subjects, and involved investigators from IAVI, Oxford University, Simon Fraser University, the University of Kwazulu Natal, the Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Murdoch University, the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Gilead Sciences, the Zambia-Emory HIV Research program, and the La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology. The team has released their machine learning models to the community at http://phylod.research.microsoft.com.

About UAB

Known for its innovative and interdisciplinary approach to education at both the graduate and undergraduate levels, the University of Alabama at Birmingham is the state of Alabama’s largest employer and an internationally renowned research university and academic medical center; its professional schools and specialty patient-care programs are consistently ranked among the nation’s top 50. UAB’s Center for Clinical and Translational Science is advancing innovative discoveries for better health as a two-time recipient of the prestigious Center for Translational Science Award. Find more information at http://www.uab.edu and http://www.uabmedicine.org.

EDITOR’S NOTE: The University of Alabama at Birmingham is a separate, independent institution from the University of Alabama, which is located in Tuscaloosa. Please use University of Alabama at Birmingham on first reference and UAB on all subsequent references.

VIDEO: http://www.youtube.com/uabnews TEXT: http://www.uab.edu/news TWEETS: http://www.twitter.com/uabnews

Media Contact

Alicia Rohan
[email protected]
205-975-7515

http://www.uab.edu

The post HIV vaccine design should adapt as HIV virus mutates appeared first on Scienmag.

Share12Tweet7Share2ShareShareShare1

Related Posts

IMAGE

Rapid blood test identifies COVID-19 patients at high risk of severe disease

January 15, 2021
IMAGE

Special interests can be assets for youth with autism

January 15, 2021

Principles of care established for young adults with substance use disorders

January 15, 2021

USC study measures brain volume differences in people with HIV

January 15, 2021
Next Post
blank

Blocking known cancer driver unexpectedly reveals a new tumor-promoting pathway

blank

New implantable VAD for severe heart failure in kids shows encouraging results in sheep

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published.

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

POPULAR NEWS

  • IMAGE

    The map of nuclear deformation takes the form of a mountain landscape

    53 shares
    Share 21 Tweet 13
  • Blood pressure drug may be key to increasing lifespan, new study shows

    44 shares
    Share 18 Tweet 11
  • New drug form may help treat osteoporosis, calcium-related disorders

    38 shares
    Share 15 Tweet 10
  • New findings help explain how COVID-19 overpowers the immune system

    35 shares
    Share 14 Tweet 9

About

We bring you the latest biotechnology news from best research centers and universities around the world. Check our website.

Follow us

Tags

Climate ChangeChemistry/Physics/Materials SciencesBiologyInfectious/Emerging DiseasesTechnology/Engineering/Computer ScienceMedicine/HealthEcology/EnvironmentMaterialsGeneticscancerPublic HealthCell Biology

Recent Posts

  • Better diet and glucose uptake in the brain lead to longer life in fruit flies
  • Rapid blood test identifies COVID-19 patients at high risk of severe disease
  • Conductive nature in crystal structures revealed at magnification of 10 million times
  • Howard University professor to receive first Joseph A. Johnson Award
  • Contact Us

© 2019 Bioengineer.org - Biotechnology news by Science Magazine - Scienmag.

No Result
View All Result
  • Homepages
    • Home Page 1
    • Home Page 2
  • News
  • National
  • Business
  • Health
  • Lifestyle
  • Science

© 2019 Bioengineer.org - Biotechnology news by Science Magazine - Scienmag.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Create New Account!

Fill the forms below to register

All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In