PSMA PET/CT waives the need for pre-imaging biopsy in elderly patients

Reston, VA—In elderly patients with suspected prostate cancer, PSMA PET/CT can diagnose advanced disease and aid in therapy selection without the need for a biopsy. Published in the July issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, this new research demonstrates how imaging with PSMA PET/CT can potentially reduce the number of prostate biopsies and associated complications in the elderly while providing accurate staging data.

⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET/CT has gained acceptance as a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality for evaluating the extent of disease in prostate cancer patients. In general, PSMA PET/CT is indicated when intermediate or high-risk cancer has been found on biopsy. In elderly patients, however, the procedure of prostate biopsy may be associated with longer hospital stay and post-biopsy complications such as infection, bleeding or urinary retention.

“Due to the risks of biopsy for elderly patients, they are occasionally referred for PSMA PET/CT without a pre-imaging confirming biopsy,” stated Einat Even-Sapir, MD, PhD, head of the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and professor of imaging at Tel Aviv University in Tel Aviv, Israel. “In our study we sought to determine the rate, clinical characteristics, and PET-based stage of elderly patients referred for PSMA PET/CT without biopsy and explore whether their biopsy status affected therapeutic approach.”

One hundred consecutive patients at least 80 years old who underwent staging with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were included in the study. For each patient, researchers documented whether pre-imaging biopsy was performed, the clinical characteristics, the PET-based staging parameters, and the primary therapy received.

Thirty-four percent of patients in the study had no pre-imaging biopsy. Compared with patients who did have a pre-imaging biopsy, these patients were older with worse clinical status and had higher PSA levels. On ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, all patients without pre-imaging biopsy were shown to have avid disease, with trends toward higher rates of bone metastases and overall advanced disease. Similar proportions of patients with and without pre-imaging biopsy were referred for hormonal therapy. In contrast, 63 percent of patients with biopsy were referred for radiotherapy after imaging, while only 8.8 percent of patients without pre-imaging biopsy were referred for radiotherapy.

“The results of the current study indicate that 100 percent of the elderly patients who were referred for PSMA PET/CT on the basis of clinical suspicion only were found to have avid disease. Given that positive PSMA PET/CT results usually indicate clinically significant rather than clinically insignificant prostate cancer, and together with the insignificant negative effect of radiation exposure in elderly patients, the practice of waiving the need for pre-imaging biopsy when the clinical suspicion is high proves to be effective and to have no apparent negative cost,” noted Even-Sapir.

This study was made available online in April 2023.

The authors of “Staging Prostate Cancer with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the Elderly: Is Preimaging Biopsy Imperative?” include Mikhail Kesler and Dan Cohen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Charles Levine and Einat Even-Sapir, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; David Sarid and Daniel Keizman, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Department of Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; and Ofer Yossepowitch, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Visit the JNM website for the latest research, and follow our new Twitter and Facebook pages @JournalofNucMed or follow us on LinkedIn.

Please visit the SNMMI Media Center for more information about molecular imaging and precision imaging. To schedule an interview with the researchers, please contact Rebecca Maxey at (703) 652-6772 or [email protected].

About JNM and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM) is the world’s leading nuclear medicine, molecular imaging and theranostics journal, accessed 15 million times each year by practitioners around the globe, providing them with the information they need to advance this rapidly expanding field. Current and past issues of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine can be found online at http://jnm.snmjournals.org.

JNM is published by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), an international scientific and medical organization dedicated to advancing nuclear medicine and molecular imaging—precision medicine that allows diagnosis and treatment to be tailored to individual patients in order to achieve the best possible outcomes. For more information, visit www.snmmi.org.