In a groundbreaking study spanning over three years, researchers have uncovered a startling connection between extensive media consumption and the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among civilians indirectly exposed to traumatic events. The investigation, led by Prof. Erez Shmueli and Prof. Dan Yamin of Tel Aviv University in collaboration with Wizermed LTD and colleagues from Stanford University, focuses on the psychological impact of the October 7, 2023, attacks in Israel. Published in the open-access journal PLOS Mental Health, these findings challenge traditional views of PTSD, expanding the understanding of trauma beyond direct exposure to mass media exposure.
PTSD has long been associated primarily with individuals who experience or witness traumatic events firsthand. However, this study sheds light on the psychological toll environmental trauma—specifically, widespread and intensive media consumption—can exert on populations geographically and physically distant from the initial stressor. The researchers investigated a large cohort of Israeli residents who were neither directly attacked nor had immediate family members affected by the violence. This unique approach allowed the team to isolate the effects of indirect exposure via social and news media platforms.
The study incorporated a mixed-methods design combining real-time physiological tracking and self-reported psychological assessments. More than 4,800 participants were enrolled in an ongoing prospective study, providing invaluable baseline data collected from January 2021 through April 2024. Participants completed 787,998 daily questionnaires rating their stress levels on a five-point scale. Concurrently, they wore smartwatches that continuously monitored biometric markers such as heart rate variability, sleep patterns, and physical activity levels. This multifaceted data collection enabled a comprehensive picture of stress manifestations before and after the October 7 attacks.
Approximately two months following the attacks, a subset of 2,536 individuals completed clinically validated PTSD and anxiety questionnaires at two critical time points: two months and five months post-event. This secondary group offered further granularity regarding symptom persistence and recovery trajectories. The data revealed that PTSD prevalence among these indirectly exposed individuals was alarmingly high, peaking between 22.9% and 36.0% shortly after the attacks and declining yet persisting within a range of 15.9% to 24.7% after seven months.
Crucially, the analysis demonstrated a clear correlation between heightened media exposure and the risk of developing PTSD. Participants who engaged intensively with graphic attack footage and continuous news updates on platforms like Telegram and TikTok were significantly more likely to display PTSD symptoms. This discovery illuminates the media’s potential as a vector for psychological trauma, emphasizing the role of digital media consumption patterns in public mental health.
The smartwatch data corroborated these behavioral findings with physiological evidence. Those meeting clinical criteria for PTSD showed sharp increases in daily reported stress levels during the first week after October 7. Simultaneously, these individuals exhibited noticeable declines in mood ratings, reduced physical activity, and deteriorating sleep quality—all hallmark indicators of stress-related psychopathology. This physiological insight underscores the potential for wearable technology to enable early identification of at-risk individuals through passive, continuous monitoring.
Beyond detection, such insights could revolutionize approaches to mental health intervention by integrating biometric data with psychological screening tools. Early identification facilitated by devices like smartwatches may permit timely clinical interventions that prevent acute stress from evolving into chronic PTSD. The study’s authors suggest that leveraging digital biometrics represents a promising frontier for preventive mental health strategies, especially during and after mass traumatic incidents.
Nevertheless, the study acknowledges inherent limitations. The relatively short follow-up period constrains the ability to assess long-term recovery or the emergence of delayed PTSD symptoms. Additionally, the use of self-reported questionnaires, while clinically validated, may be influenced by reporting biases. Future research employing longer observation windows combined with formal, clinician-administered PTSD diagnostic assessments is necessary to validate and extend these findings.
Furthermore, the study’s context—centered on Israeli residents during a unique historical moment—raises questions about the generalizability of the results across different cultures and conflicts. Yet, the clear indication that indirect trauma via media exposure can trigger significant stress responses raises global concerns given the ubiquity of digital information dissemination. With social media platforms enabling rapid sharing of graphic and often unfiltered content worldwide, mental health professionals must grapple with new modalities of trauma transmission.
The ethical implications of these findings are profound. Media outlets and social media companies might need to reconsider content delivery algorithms and consider mental health impacts when broadcasting traumatic material. Similarly, public health communication strategies could integrate recommendations for media consumption moderation following mass trauma events to safeguard psychological well-being at the population level.
Contributing to a nuanced understanding of the PTSD spectrum, this research challenges binary distinctions between direct and indirect trauma exposure, highlighting the blurred lines in today’s digitally interconnected world. It also points toward personalized approaches that harness wearable technology to monitor subtle yet clinically significant changes in stress physiology and behavior.
Ultimately, this study opens pathways for multidisciplinary collaborations between behavioral scientists, clinicians, data scientists, and technology developers. Integrating passive biometric monitoring with psychological evaluation may enhance early detection capacities, facilitate resource allocation, and enable targeted mental health care to those most vulnerable in the aftermath of collective trauma.
As mass traumatic events continue to unfold globally in an era saturated by digital media, such research is pivotal. It not only informs clinical practice and public health policies but also calls attention to the importance of media literacy and mental health education in the digital age. The findings from Yamin and colleagues underscore a pressing need to understand and mitigate the unintended consequences of our increasingly connected information environment on collective psychological resilience.
Subject of Research: People
Article Title: Social media impact and smartwatch monitoring: Prevalence and early markers of PTSD and anxiety following mass traumatic events
News Publication Date: 10-Sep-2025
Web References: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000195
References: Yamin D, Lev-Ari S, Mofaz M, Elias R, Toker S, Spiegel D, et al. (2025) Social media impact and smartwatch monitoring: Prevalence and early markers of PTSD and anxiety following mass traumatic events. PLOS Ment Health 2(9): e0000195.
Image Credits: Yamin et al., 2025, PLOS Mental Health, CC-BY 4.0
Keywords: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, media exposure, smartwatch monitoring, digital biomarkers, mental health, trauma, social media, anxiety, wearable technology, physiological stress, public health
Tags: environmental trauma and mental healthindirect exposure to traumatic eventsmass media’s role in psychological distressmedia consumption and traumamixed-methods research in psychologyOctober 7 Israel attacks studyphysiological tracking in PTSD studiesPLOS Mental Health journal findingspsychological impact of news coverageself-reported assessments of traumasmartwatches and PTSD indicatorsTel Aviv University PTSD research
