Academics at Swansea University have carried out a dose-response analysis which suggests that pregnant women who take a specific type of antidepressant in early pregnancy have a small but significantly greater risk of having babies with major congenital anomalies (sometimes referred to as birth defects) or stillbirths compared with those who did not take these antidepressants.
Professor Sue Jordan, of the College of Human and Health Sciences led the international research team1 of academics from the UK, Denmark and Norway. The study published in the PLOS ONE journal, analysed data from more than 500,000 infants in Wales, Norway and Denmark and found that women who had been prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, known as SSRIs, in the first trimester of pregnancy or 3 months before pregnancy were at a small but significantly greater risk of having infants with congenital anomalies, particularly severe heart defects or stillbirths compared with those who did not take SSRIs.
The study found that where SSRIs were not prescribed, 6 in 200 pregnancies had an adverse outcome of stillbirth or a baby with a major congenital anomaly, but when SSRIs were prescribed this rose to 7 in 200. The team say this risk is of public health importance due to the severity of the outcome and because SSRIs are prescribed to 5.5% of pregnant women in Wales, 2.1% in Denmark and 1.6% in Norway.
Now, the researchers are calling on health care professionals to take the following action:-
- review all women requesting SSRI prescriptions and not just those who are planning pregnancy.
- consider women who misuse substances or alcohol as being at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes when prescribed SSRIs
- evaluate pre-pregnancy care when SSRIs are prescribed
- consider offering at-risk women enhanced scans to detect serious heart defects
- ensure that appropriate levels of neonatal care are available to at-risk women at birth
Professor Jordan said: "To our knowledge, this is the first dose-response analysis that shows the link between SSRI doses and congenital anomalies and stillbirths. While this extra risk may seem small, in my view, the outcomes are as serious as they can be.
"Women should not stop taking SSRIs without consulting their doctors, and we are not saying stop all medicines, but our message is that we want our health care professionals to be very mindful of this link and to take the appropriate action to ensure that women are given the right type of care before, during and after pregnancy to minimise the risks of congenital anomalies and stillbirths linked to SSRIs."
Professor Helen Dolk, who led the EUROmediCAT project, said: "Women should not stop taking SSRIs without discussing with their doctor the benefits and risks of SSRIs and alternative nonpharmacological therapies, since good mental health is important for both mother and child".
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Read the research here: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165122,
Notes to editors 1
- Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, London UK
- Public Health Wales, Swansea, UK
- Hospital Lillebaelt, Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen Norway
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK
EUROmediCAT
EUROmediCAT is a research project, conducted within the European Union's 7th Framework Program. Financial support for the study was provided by the European Union under the 7th Framework Program (grant agreement HEALTH-F5-2011-260598). Start date: 1 March 2011. Duration: 48 months. EUROmediCAT is currently seeking further funding. Its aim is to build a European system for the evaluation of safety of medication use in pregnancy in relation to the risk of congenital anomalies.
The central aim of EUROMEDICAT is to build a European system for reproductive safety evaluation, which enables us to identify systematically and comprehensively the possible adverse effects in pregnancy of a drug in humans at the earliest stage post marketing, and enables us to monitor and evaluate safety measures undertaken in Europe.
Funding
Financial support for the EUROmediCAT study was provided by the European Union under the 7th Framework Program (grant agreement HEALTH-F5-2011-260598). Start date: 1 March 2011. Duration: 48 months. Coordinator Prof. Helen Dolk, University of Ulster, UK Email: [email protected].
Further information can be found at: http://www.euromedicat.eu/whatiseuromedicat
More information on the congenital anomalies' registers can be found:
For Wales: CARIS: http://www.wales.nhs.uk/caris
For Norway: The Medical Birth Registry: https://www.fhi.no/en/hn/health-registries/medical-birth-registry-of-norway/
The Prescription Database: http://norpd.no/
For Denmark: http://sundhedsdatastyrelsen.dk/da/registre-og-services/om-de-nationale-sundhedsregistre/graviditet-foedsler-og-boern/foedselsregisteret
Swansea University is a world-class, research-led, dual campus university. The University was established in 1920 and was the first campus university in the UK. It currently offers around 350 undergraduate courses and 350 postgraduate courses to circa 20,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students.
The University's 46-acre Singleton Park Campus is located in beautiful parkland with views across Swansea Bay. The University's 65-acre science and innovation Bay Campus, which opened in September 2015, is located a few miles away on the eastern approach to the city. It has the distinction of having direct access to a beach and its own seafront promenade. Both campuses are close to the Gower Peninsula, the UK's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Swansea is ranked the top university in Wales and is currently The Times and The Sunday Times 'Welsh University of the Year'. It is also ranked within the top 350 best universities in the world in the Times Higher Education World University rankings.
The results of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 showed the University has achieved its ambition to be a top 30 research University, soaring up the league table to 26th in the UK, with the 'biggest leap among research-intensive institutions' (Times Higher Education, December 2014) in the UK.
The University has ambitious expansion plans as it moves towards its centenary in 2020, as it continues to extend its global reach and realising its domestic and international ambitions.
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Story Source: Materials provided by Scienmag