Most shoppers unaware of major risk factor for most common form of glaucoma in UK

New study suggests that less than a fifth of shoppers were aware of the need for tests of the pressure inside their eyes (intraocular pressure), when measured at a Pop-Up health check station set up across eight shopping centres in England.

High intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for ‘primary open angle glaucoma’ (POAG), the most common form of glaucoma¹, as well as other forms.

The researchers from City, University of London invited passers-by to the one-day Pop-Up health check stations to answer questions about their eye health, including whether they knew anything about their ‘eye pressure’, and to have a simple test to check their intraocular pressure with a hand-held ‘tonometer’. In total, 858 volunteers agreed to answer questions about their eye pressure, and 768 of those agreed to be tested.

In half of cases, volunteers were also invited to have their blood pressure tested to see whether this widely known, general health check might increase pick-up of the test of intraocular pressure, and thus raise awareness of having it checked and the importance of visiting an optometrist regularly. Combined testing was held on a different day to the test of intraocular pressure alone.

The study found that only 19% of shoppers knew anything about their intraocular pressure, including the tonometer test for it; as opposed to 71% who had some knowledge about their blood pressure.

The study also found that when the intraocular test was advertised alongside the blood pressure test, significantly more shoppers took up the opportunity to answer questions and get tested for both. When advertised together 60% of those asked agreed to participate, as opposed to only 40% when the intraocular test was advertised alone.

Glaucoma is an umbrella term for a group of degenerative diseases of the optic nerve at the back of the eye, which can cause irreversible loss of a person’s field of vision, and is estimated to represent 11% of cases of serious sight impairment in the UK, second only to macular degeneration².

In England, 90% of referrals for cases of suspected glaucoma into secondary specialist care are the result of opportunistic case findings by optometrists^3-5, but it is estimated that one third of primary open angle glaucoma cases remain undiagnosed in the UK⁶.

The Pop-Up Health Check stations were set up in shopping centres in Bristol, Cambridge, Coventry, Northampton, Nottingham, Preston and Stoke-on-Trent.

Dr Laura Edwards is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Moorfield’s Eye Hospital and led on the study testing while at the Crabb Lab at City, University of London. She said:

“Awareness of eye pressure among the public is abysmally low. Whilst a definitive diagnosis of glaucoma requires many tests, we wanted to see whether advertising and administering one of the tests directly to the public in a targeted community setting was feasible and could raise awareness of the importance of this aspect of eye health.

“More people engaged with our Pop-Up stations on days when our eye health check was offered alongside testing blood pressure, which suggests that an unfamiliar health message can be promoted by aligning it with one that the public is more familiar with.

“We hope our findings can inform strategies for public health schemes that engage the public with their eye health and promote education about the importance of regular eye examinations.”

The research is published, open access, in the journal, BMJ Open.

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Notes to editors

Contact details:

To speak to Dr Laura Edwards contact Senior Communications Officer, School of Health Sciences, Shamim Quadir: Tel: 0207 040 8782 email: [email protected].

Alternatively, contact the City, University of London Press Office at [email protected] or on 020 7040 8788.

Full article in the BMJ Open: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e030523.abstract

References:

1. King A, Azuara-Blanco A, Tuulonen A. Glaucoma. BMJ 2013;346.

2. Quartilho, A., Simkiss, P., Zekite, A., Xing, W., Wormald, R. and Bunce, C., 2016. Leading causes of certifiable visual loss in England and Wales during the year ending 31 March 2013. Eye, 30(4), p.602.

3. Bowling, B., Chen, S.D.M. and Salmon, J.F., 2005. Outcomes of referrals by community optometrists to a hospital glaucoma service. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 89(9), pp.1102-1104.

4. Gunn, P.J., Marks, J.R., Konstantakopoulou, E., Edgar, D.F., Lawrenson, J.G., Roberts, S.A., Spencer, A.F., Fenerty, C.H. and Harper, R.A., 2019. Clinical effectiveness of the Manchester glaucoma enhanced referral scheme. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 103(8), pp.1066-1071.

5. Theodossiades, J. and Murdoch, I., 1999. Positive predictive value of optometrist?initiated referrals for glaucoma. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 19(1), pp.62-67.

6. Chan, M.P., Broadway, D.C., Khawaja, A.P., Yip, J.L., Garway-Heath, D.F., Burr, J.M., Luben, R., Hayat, S., Dalzell, N., Khaw, K.T. and Foster, P.J., 2017. Glaucoma and intraocular pressure in EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study: cross sectional study. bmj, 358, p.j3889.

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