• HOME
  • NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
Monday, August 4, 2025
BIOENGINEER.ORG
No Result
View All Result
  • Login
  • HOME
  • NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
        • Lecturer
        • PhD Studentship
        • Postdoc
        • Research Assistant
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
  • HOME
  • NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
        • Lecturer
        • PhD Studentship
        • Postdoc
        • Research Assistant
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
No Result
View All Result
Bioengineer.org
No Result
View All Result
Home NEWS Science News Chemistry

‘Electron shuttle’ protein plays key role in plant cell-wall construction

Bioengineer by Bioengineer
April 8, 2019
in Chemistry
Reading Time: 5 mins read
0
Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on LinkedinShare on RedditShare on Telegram

Controlling the flow of electrons by targeting shuttle proteins could be a new strategy for guiding plants to make desired products

IMAGE

Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory

UPTON, NY–Scientists studying plant cell walls–structural supports that help plants overcome the downward pull of gravity–have discovered mechanistic details of a protein involved in the assembly of lignin, a key cell-wall component. The protein acts as a targeted “electron shuttle,” delivering the “fuel” that drives the construction of one specific type of lignin building block.

The study, published in The Plant Cell on April 8, 2019, by scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory and their collaborators, revealed that this particular electron shuttle was different from those that drive the production of other kinds of lignin precursors, said Chang-Jun Liu, the Brookhaven Lab biochemist who led the research. These findings suggest that controlling the relative abundance of electron shuttle proteins could be a new strategy for steering which cell-wall building blocks are put in place as plants grow.

Traditionally, scientists have sought to control the mix of lignin and other cell-wall building blocks by focusing on the allocation of carbon, the essential backbone of all these molecules. The idea is to drive carbon into molecules that would be useful for specific applications.

For example, a certain mix of lignin building blocks could make cell walls easier to break down to increase the efficiency of converting biomass to biofuels. An abundance of one particular lignin polymer, on the other hand, could be used for making carbon fibers or high-value aromatic compounds for flavors and fragrances.

“Much of this previous work has directly targeted the enzymes that steer carbon into different biochemical pathways,” said Brookhaven’s Liu, who also holds an adjunct position at Stony Brook University.

The new work suggests an alternative approach, targeting the shuttle proteins that deliver the electrons needed to activate the enzymes.

“Electrons are like the fuel for the reaction,” Liu explained. “For these enzymes, without this fuel, these reactions cannot happen. By targeting the electron-delivery proteins, we can selectively redirect the electron flow to change plants’ lignin composition.”

Biochemical details

The scientists identified the specificity of the electron shuttle protein through detailed studies of the biochemical pathways that lead to the synthesis of three different lignin precursors. They already knew that the synthesis of each lignin subtype–H, G, and S–is controlled by a different oxidative enzyme as part of a single, three-step hydroxylation process.

“For all three, the enzyme itself is insufficient for the reaction to go forward,” Liu said. Each one needs electrons, delivered by a partner protein.

To identify which partners–which electron shuttle proteins–could deliver electrons at each step, the scientists “tagged” each of the enzymes with a different immunological “hook.”

“We used the three enzymes in the pathway as bait,” Liu said.

“The tags are markers to which antibodies bind, so you can use antibodies to capture the tagged proteins,” he explained. “Proteins associated with each tagged protein come along for the ride. That way we can see which proteins are interacting with each of the three distinct enzymes.”

In addition to identifying an electron carrier already known to play a role in the lignin synthesis pathways, these “immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry” studies revealed that a set of previously unidentified partners were also interacting with some of the enzymes.

To zero in on the role of these additional protein partners, the scientists used biochemical genetics. They used strains of experimental Arabidopsis plants that lacked the gene for each particular protein to see what effect the missing genes would have on the total amount of lignin and each type of subcomponent (H, G, and S).

They found that deleting the gene for one of these proteins only affects the production of S lignin. They concluded that this “newly identified” electron-shuttle protein must be associated with the last step in the three-step process–the one that produces S lignin.

Additional biochemical studies confirmed the conclusion about the exclusive role of this alternate electron shuttle protein in the production of S lignin, and the rationale behind the strategy for targeting the shuttle proteins.

“Plants use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide into sugars which when broken down release energy that flows into carrier proteins,” said Liu. “Specific carrier proteins deliver this energy in the form of electrons into different reactions to drive the whole metabolic process. By controlling the flow of electrons into those various pathways, we can potentially control which products plants make, thereby controlling carbon conversion and storage processes in plants.”

###

This research was funded by the DOE Office of Science (BES). Two of the collaborators were partially supported by a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council. Part of the research used a confocal microscope at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, a DOE Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit https://science.energy.gov/.

Follow @BrookhavenLab on Twitter or find us on Facebook .

One of ten national laboratories overseen and primarily funded by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Brookhaven National Laboratory conducts research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, as well as in energy technologies and national security. Brookhaven Lab also builds and operates major scientific facilities available to university, industry and government researchers. Brookhaven is operated and managed for DOE’s Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates, a limited-liability company founded by the Research Foundation for the State University of New York on behalf of Stony Brook University, the largest academic user of Laboratory facilities, and Battelle, a nonprofit applied science and technology organization.

Related Links

Scientific paper: “Cytochrome b5 is an Obligate Electron Shuttle Protein for Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis” NOTE: This link will not be active until the paper is published online

New Details of Molecular Machinery that Builds Plant Cell Wall Components

Media contacts: Karen McNulty Walsh, (631) 344-8350, or Peter Genzer, (631) 344-3174

Media Contact
Karen McNulty Walsh
[email protected]

Original Source

https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=114466

Related Journal Article

http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.18.00778

Tags: BiochemistryBiologyBiotechnologyGeneticsPlant Sciences
Share12Tweet8Share2ShareShareShare2

Related Posts

Metal–Sulfur Sites Boost MOF Hydrogenation Catalysis

Metal–Sulfur Sites Boost MOF Hydrogenation Catalysis

August 3, 2025
Bright Excitons Enable Optical Spin State Control

Bright Excitons Enable Optical Spin State Control

August 3, 2025

Flame Synthesis Creates Custom High-Entropy Metal Nanomaterials

August 2, 2025

Innovative Acid-Base Bifunctional Catalyst Enhances Production of Essential Lithium-Ion Battery Material

August 1, 2025
Please login to join discussion

POPULAR NEWS

  • Blind to the Burn

    Overlooked Dangers: Debunking Common Myths About Skin Cancer Risk in the U.S.

    60 shares
    Share 24 Tweet 15
  • Neuropsychiatric Risks Linked to COVID-19 Revealed

    53 shares
    Share 21 Tweet 13
  • Dr. Miriam Merad Honored with French Knighthood for Groundbreaking Contributions to Science and Medicine

    46 shares
    Share 18 Tweet 12
  • Predicting Colorectal Cancer Using Lifestyle Factors

    39 shares
    Share 16 Tweet 10

About

We bring you the latest biotechnology news from best research centers and universities around the world. Check our website.

Follow us

Recent News

Post-Cancer Suicide Risk: Japan Study Insights

Broadband Quantum Sensing Enables 10-km Passive Drone Detection

Microglia Chromatin States Reveal Alzheimer’s Spatial Patterns

  • Contact Us

Bioengineer.org © Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
No Result
View All Result
  • Homepages
    • Home Page 1
    • Home Page 2
  • News
  • National
  • Business
  • Health
  • Lifestyle
  • Science

Bioengineer.org © Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved.