PHILADELPHIA- – (Nov. 1, 2016) — Treating ovarian cancer with platinum-based chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin is initially very effective, with about four out of five patients responding favorably. However, most of these patients quickly become resistant to chemotherapy and may not respond as well to this standard treatment for the disease.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have shown that a class of drugs called bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors can be used in combination with cisplatin to reduce a tumor's resistance to chemotherapy, and therefore increase the effectiveness of the drug and improve long-term survival rates. The results were published in the journal Cancer Research.
"There is a tremendous need for novel therapeutic strategies for patients with chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer, given the prevalence of the clinical challenge and the limited number of other options available," said Rugang Zhang, Ph.D., professor and co-program leader in the Gene Expression and Regulation program at Wistar and lead author of the study. "This study demonstrates how an existing class of targeted therapies could be used to potentiate the tumor suppression induced by cisplatin."
Several studies have shown how cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance. Specifically, an increase in the activity of aldehyde dehyrogenase (ALDH) due to higher levels of ALDH1A1 protein expression appears to increase resistance, while reducing its activity sensitizes epithelial ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy, making the treatment more effective.
Zhang and colleagues were able to show that BET inhibitors are able to suppress the activity of ALDH in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Prior studies have shown that cisplatin increases ALDH activity, which then leads to cisplatin resistance. They also demonstrated that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), one of the members of the BET family that is inhibited by BET inhibiting drugs, is a regulator of ALDH1A1 expression, and the protein is found in higher levels in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer samples.
To test the combination, mice with epithelial ovarian cancer-derived tumor cells were given either the combination of cisplatin and the experimental BET inhibitor JQ1 or cisplatin alone. The group that received the combination therapy experienced significantly extended survival compared with the group of mice that only received cisplatin. Additionally, the outgrowth of tumors in the group of mice that received the combination was significantly delayed.
"The use of BET inhibitors for the treatment of cancer appears to be both safe and effective in clinical trials," said Yuhki Yokoyama, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in the Zhang lab and first author of the study. "This combination appears to significantly extend the effectiveness of cisplatin, one of the most important drugs for treating ovarian cancer, and we hope our newly discovered approach will be validated in future clinical trials."
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This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute R01CA163377, R01CA202919, CA083639, and K99CA194318, U.S. Department of Defense grants OC140632P1 and OC150446, an Ovarian Cancer Research Fund Alliance (OCRFA) Program Project Development award, and The Jayne Koskinas & Ted Giovanis Breast Cancer Research Consortium at Wistar. Hengrui Zhu is an OCRFA Ann Schreiber Mentored Investigator. Co-author Sherry Wu is supported by the OCRFA, Foundation for Women's Cancer, and Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas training grants RP101502 and RP101489. Support for core facilities in this study was provided by Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG) CA010815 to The Wistar Institute.
Co-authors of this study from The Wistar Institute include Hengrui Zhu, Andrew Kossenkov, Jayamanna Wickramasignhe, Xiangfan Yin, Alessandro Gardini, Louise Showe, Qin Liu, David Speicher, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia, and Benjamin Bitler. Other co-authors include Jeong Heon Lee, Zhiguo Zhag and Tamas Ordog from the Mayo Clinic, Sherry Wu and Anil Sood from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Katherine Palozola and Kenneth Zaret from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, James Bradner from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard Medical School.
The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the United States, Wistar has held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute since 1972. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. wistar.org.
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