In the landscape of cancer care, managing cancer-related pain (CRP) remains a daunting challenge, often impinging on patients’ quality of life despite advances in pharmacological interventions. A recent comprehensive study led by Professor Hou Xiaohui of Guangzhou Sports University, China, sheds new light on this issue by systematically evaluating various mind-body therapies (MBTs) for alleviating CRP. This pioneering network meta-analysis rigorously assesses the efficacy of multiple MBTs, paving the way toward evidence-based complementary treatments that can effectively integrate into oncology pain management protocols.
Cancer-related pain is a multifaceted symptom influenced by tumor progression, treatment modalities, and psychological stressors. While analgesics remain the cornerstone of CRP management, their limitations—such as adverse effects and incomplete pain relief—necessitate alternative strategies. Mind-body therapies, which encompass physical exercises intertwined with meditative elements, have gained attention due to their holistic benefits, including pain reduction and psychological well-being. However, before this meta-analysis, the comparative effectiveness of these therapies had not been systematically ranked across diverse cancer types and treatment stages.
The study employed a robust network meta-analytic framework, scrutinizing 4,916 research articles to identify relevant studies that met stringent inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 36 high-quality studies involving 2,387 participants were synthesized. This methodology not only amalgamates direct comparisons from randomized controlled trials but also indirectly contrasts the therapeutic effectiveness across interventions such as conventional exercise, Taichi, Pilates, Baduanjin, Yoga, Dance, Health education, Massage, usual care, and waiting list controls. The layered analysis allows for a nuanced hierarchy of MBTs tailored for distinct oncological contexts.
Strikingly, the findings highlight Qigong as the most potent MBT for cancer pain alleviation, surpassing traditional exercise and other mind-body modalities. Qigong, an ancient Chinese practice combining gentle physical movements, breathing techniques, and meditation, appears to engage multiple neurophysiological pathways that modulate nociceptive processing and reduce inflammation. According to the meta-analysis, this method offers a unique synergistic effect, addressing both the sensory and affective dimensions of pain in cancer patients.
Following Qigong, Taichi also demonstrated significant efficacy, showing particular promise in managing pain associated with breast cancer. Unlike Qigong’s superior performance during active cancer treatment phases, Taichi was found to excel in alleviating pain post-treatment. This temporal differentiation underscores the importance of stage-specific therapeutic strategies. Taichi’s slow, flowing movements coupled with mindful attention might recalibrate the balance between motor control and sensory feedback, facilitating long-term pain control and functional recovery.
Yoga, often lauded for its psychosomatic benefits, was reaffirmed by this meta-analysis as beneficial yet comparatively less effective than Qigong and Taichi for CRP. This nuanced insight refines clinical guidance, suggesting that while Yoga remains an integral component of supportive oncology care, prioritizing Qigong and Taichi could yield superior analgesic outcomes. Furthermore, conventional exercise retained its role as a valuable adjunct therapy, substantiating its inclusion in multidisciplinary pain management programs.
The neurobiological underpinnings of these findings merit consideration. MBTs like Qigong and Taichi may activate endogenous opioid systems, enhance parasympathetic activity, and modulate cortical pain networks in the brain. Additionally, these therapies can mitigate cancer-associated fatigue, anxiety, and depression, which are known amplifiers of pain perception. The integration of physical movement with mental focus offers a comprehensive approach that pharmacotherapy alone cannot achieve.
Professor Hou emphasizes that, despite these promising results, MBTs should not be considered standalone treatments but components of an integrated pain management strategy. Multidisciplinary approaches incorporating pharmacological, physical, psychological, and supportive care interventions remain essential. This holistic model addresses the complex etiology of cancer pain more effectively than any single modality.
Importantly, the meta-analysis also highlights the safety profile of mind-body therapies. Unlike traditional analgesics, Qigong and Taichi exhibit no documented adverse reactions, making them attractive options for patients unable or unwilling to tolerate drug side effects. This aspect offers a compelling argument for their broader clinical adoption and insurance coverage considerations.
The implications of this comprehensive analysis extend beyond clinical practice into health policy and rehabilitation domains. Oncology treatment centers may consider incorporating certified Qigong and Taichi instructors as part of multidisciplinary teams, fostering patient empowerment and adherence to supportive care regimens. Moreover, these findings stimulate further research into the mechanistic pathways and optimization of MBT protocols tailored to specific cancer populations.
Future investigations are warranted to replicate these findings in diverse cohorts and with rigorously designed trials emphasizing pain as the primary endpoint. Standardization of intervention protocols, dosage, and outcome measures will enhance comparability and facilitate meta-analytical synthesis. Professor Hou’s team calls for such methodological refinement to validate and expand upon this foundational work.
In summary, this network meta-analysis represents a milestone in supportive cancer care by delineating the superior role of Qigong and Taichi as complementary therapies for cancer-related pain. These findings inform both clinicians and patients, providing evidence-based guidance to improve quality of life during and after cancer treatment. As the oncology community advances toward integrative pain management, mind-body therapies stand out as safe, effective, and culturally resonant modalities deserving of mainstream recognition.
Subject of Research: Mind-body therapies for cancer-related pain management
Article Title: What are the optimal mind-body therapies for cancer-related pain? A network meta-analysis
News Publication Date: 19-Jun-2025
Web References: DOI: 10.1515/teb-2025-0009
Image Credits: Xiuyun He, Guangyuan Liang, Zhi Zou, Siying Yu, Youtian Lin, Yafei Wang, Yinhua Li, Yuling Wang, and Xiaohui Hou
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer-related Pain, Mind-body Therapies, Qigong, Taichi, Network Meta-analysis, Pain Management
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