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Home NEWS Science News Health

Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediate resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation

Bioengineer by Bioengineer
January 29, 2024
in Health
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“An improved understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid cancer has led to the development of new targeted agents.”

Figure 1

Credit: 2024 Lee and Morris.

“An improved understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid cancer has led to the development of new targeted agents.”

BUFFALO, NY- January 29, 2024 – A new research perspective was published in Oncotarget’s Volume 15 on January 24, 2024, entitled, “Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediating both resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation.”

In this new paper, researchers Mark Lee and Luc GT Morris from New York Presbyterian Hospital and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discuss thyroid cancer. A subset of thyroid cancers present at advanced stage or with dedifferentiated histology and have limited response to standard therapy. Tumors harboring the BRAF V600E mutation may be treated with BRAF inhibitors; however, tumor response is often short-lived due to multiple compensatory resistance mechanisms. 

“One mode of resistance is the transition to an alternative cell state, which on rare occasions can correspond to tumor dedifferentiation.” 

DNA sequencing and RNA expression profiling show that thyroid tumors that dedifferentiate after BRAF inhibition are enriched in known genetic alterations that mediate resistance to BRAF blockade, and may also drive tumor dedifferentiation, including mutations in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR (PIK3CA, MTOR), MAP/ERK (MET, NF2, NRAS, RASA1), SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (ARID2, PBRM1), and JAK/STAT pathways (JAK1). Given these findings, recent investigations have evaluated the efficacy of dual-target therapies; however, continued lack of long-term tumor control illustrates the complex and multifactorial nature of these compensatory mechanisms. Transition to an immune-suppressed state is another correlate of BRAF inhibitor resistance and tumor dedifferentiation, suggesting a possible role for concurrent targeted therapy with immunotherapy. 

“Investigations into combined targeted and immunotherapy are ongoing, but early results with checkpoint inhibitors, viral therapies, and CAR T-cells suggest enhanced anti-tumor immune activity with these combinations.”

 

Read the full paper: DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28544 

Correspondence to: Luc GT Morris

Email: [email protected] 

Keywords: thyroid cancer, drug resistance, anaplastic transformation, BRAF inhibitors, PIK3CA

Click here to sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article.
 

About Oncotarget: Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.

To learn more about Oncotarget, visit Oncotarget.com and connect with us on social media:

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For media inquiries, please contact [email protected].

 

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###



Journal

Oncotarget

DOI

10.18632/oncotarget.28544

Method of Research

Commentary/editorial

Subject of Research

People

Article Title

Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediating both resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation

Article Publication Date

24-Jan-2024

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