• HOME
  • NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
Friday, October 3, 2025
BIOENGINEER.ORG
No Result
View All Result
  • Login
  • HOME
  • NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
        • Lecturer
        • PhD Studentship
        • Postdoc
        • Research Assistant
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
  • HOME
  • NEWS
  • EXPLORE
    • CAREER
      • Companies
      • Jobs
        • Lecturer
        • PhD Studentship
        • Postdoc
        • Research Assistant
    • EVENTS
    • iGEM
      • News
      • Team
    • PHOTOS
    • VIDEO
    • WIKI
  • BLOG
  • COMMUNITY
    • FACEBOOK
    • INSTAGRAM
    • TWITTER
No Result
View All Result
Bioengineer.org
No Result
View All Result
Home NEWS Science News Chemistry

Catnip’s chemical attractant is new twist on old family tradition

Bioengineer by Bioengineer
May 14, 2020
in Chemistry
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
IMAGE
Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on LinkedinShare on RedditShare on Telegram

IMAGE

Credit: Alex Abair

GAINESVILLE, Fla. — Catnip is most famous for its ability to launch felines into a euphoric frenzy, but the origin of its cat-attracting chemical is a remarkable example of evolutionary innovation.

While the compound nepetalactone drives two-thirds of cats batty, likely by mimicking sex pheromones, its real purpose is protecting catnip from pests. Nepetalactone belongs to a class of chemicals called iridoids, which can repel insects as effectively as DEET.

Many of catnip’s relatives in the mint family use iridoids as chemical armor. But an international team of researchers found the ancient ancestor of catnip lost a key iridoid-making gene. Descendants in this lineage – herbs such as basil, oregano, rosemary, lemon balm and mint – had to lean on other defenses, with one notable exception: catnip, which revived the family tradition by evolving a new iridoid production line from scratch.

The findings, including the first detailed look at catnip’s nepetalactone recipe, were published today in Science Advances. They provide crucial insights into how plants lose and regain defensive compounds, said study co-author Pamela Soltis, Florida Museum of Natural History curator and University of Florida distinguished professor.

“If we know how evolutionarily flexible a trait is, we can hypothesize about how easy or difficult it might be to modify the trait in another species through plant breeding, genetic engineering or gene editing,” she said. “It might be possible to make a crop more resistant to pests if we know that a close relative re-evolved a compound that had previously been lost.”

Many plants in the mint family also have medicinally important compounds, said study co-author Douglas Soltis, Florida Museum curator and UF distinguished professor, pointing to iridoid-derived cancer treatments as an example.

“Understanding these plants’ underlying biochemical pathways is key to using them for human health,” he said.

Researchers sequenced the genomes of two species of catnip and hyssop, a close relative that does not produce iridoids. By comparing the genomes, analyzing the mint family tree and studying ancestral genes and enzymes, they were able to trace the sequence of events that led to the loss of iridoid production in catnip’s ancestor between 55-65 million years ago and its re-emergence tens of millions of years later.

The deletion of a gene erased the ability of plants in the subfamily Nepetoideae to make iridoids. Whether the gene deletion was the result of a sudden mutation or a gradual “phasing out” of iridoid production as these plants switched to other chemical defenses remains unclear, Pamela Soltis said.

Without this gene, catnip had to co-opt a related gene to build a new biochemical pathway for making iridoids, beginning about 20 million years ago, Douglas Soltis said.

“It’s sort of like, ‘I lost my screwdriver, and this one isn’t quite the same, but it will work,'” he said, quoting “Jurassic Park” character Ian Malcolm: “‘Life, uh, finds a way.'”

The new pathway resulted in nepetalactone, which maintains some hallmark iridoid features, but has a unique chemical structure and properties, the researchers said. The enzymes involved in its production are not found in any related plant species.

“There is a lot of evolutionary back-and-forth in all sorts of characteristics in plants – such as the origin of succulence in cacti, jade plants and aloe, or multiple derivations of red or purple pigments in distantly related species,” Pamela Soltis said. “But whenever the ‘same’ thing re-evolves, it always turns out that it has done so slightly differently – always with a ‘twist.'”

Why catnip re-evolved the ability to produce iridoids is “the next big question,” Douglas Soltis said.

“As the mint family migrated across Eurasia, semi-arid habitats could have imposed new selective pressures,” he said. “Maybe iridoids are more effective as defense compounds in those environments. That can’t explain the origin of the new pathway, but it can explain the selection for it once it originates.”

###

The study is part of the Mint Genome Project, a National Science Foundation-funded initiative that is unravelling the chemistry of the mint family’s botanical compounds and how they’re produced.

“Plants are constantly evolving new chemistry,” said the study’s lead researcher Sarah O’Connor, director of the Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis at Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. “With our research, we would like to get snapshots of this evolution in action.”

Grant Godden, Tal Kinser and Miao Sun of the Florida Museum also co-authored the study.

Media Contact
Natalie van Hoose
[email protected]

Original Source

https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/catnip-twist-on-old-family-tradition/

Related Journal Article

http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba0721

Tags: BiochemistryBiologyEvolutionGeneticsPlant Sciences
Share12Tweet8Share2ShareShareShare2

Related Posts

AI Advances Enhance Sustainable Recycling of Livestock Waste

AI Advances Enhance Sustainable Recycling of Livestock Waste

October 3, 2025
Crafting Yogurt Using Ants: A Scientific Innovation

Crafting Yogurt Using Ants: A Scientific Innovation

October 3, 2025

Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of E/Z Trisubstituted Cycloalkenes

October 3, 2025

Hanbat National University Researchers Develop Innovative Method to Enhance Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Efficiency

October 3, 2025
Please login to join discussion

POPULAR NEWS

  • New Study Reveals the Science Behind Exercise and Weight Loss

    New Study Reveals the Science Behind Exercise and Weight Loss

    93 shares
    Share 37 Tweet 23
  • New Study Indicates Children’s Risk of Long COVID Could Double Following a Second Infection – The Lancet Infectious Diseases

    88 shares
    Share 35 Tweet 22
  • Physicists Develop Visible Time Crystal for the First Time

    75 shares
    Share 30 Tweet 19
  • New Insights Suggest ALS May Be an Autoimmune Disease

    67 shares
    Share 27 Tweet 17

About

We bring you the latest biotechnology news from best research centers and universities around the world. Check our website.

Follow us

Recent News

Encapsulated Pseudomonas Controls Pistachio Gummosis Effectively

Illuminating the Future: Transforming Streetlamps into Electric Vehicle Chargers

Transforming Palm Waste into High-Performance COâ‚‚ Absorbers: Malaysian Scientists Innovate with Agricultural Byproducts

Subscribe to Blog via Email

Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.

Join 62 other subscribers
  • Contact Us

Bioengineer.org © Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
No Result
View All Result
  • Homepages
    • Home Page 1
    • Home Page 2
  • News
  • National
  • Business
  • Health
  • Lifestyle
  • Science

Bioengineer.org © Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved.