As if college were not difficult enough, more than one-third of first-year university students in eight industrialized countries around the globe report symptoms consistent with a diagnosable mental health disorder, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.
"While effective care is important, the number of students who need treatment for these disorders far exceeds the resources of most counseling centers, resulting in a substantial unmet need for mental health treatment among college students," said lead author Randy P. Auerbach, PhD, of Columbia University. "Considering that students are a key population for determining the economic success of a country, colleges must take a greater urgency in addressing this issue."
Auerbach and his co-authors analyzed data from the World Health Organization's World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, in which almost 14,000 students from 19 colleges in eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain and the United States) responded to questionnaires to evaluate common mental disorders, including major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
The researchers found that 35 percent of the respondents reported symptoms consistent with at least one mental health disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Major depressive disorder was the most common, followed by generalized anxiety disorder. The findings were published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
"The finding that one-third of students from multiple countries screened positive for at least one of six mental health disorders represents a key global mental health issue," said Auerbach.
Previous research suggests that only 15-20 percent of students will seek services at their respective counseling center, which may already be overtaxed, according to Auerbach. If students need help outside of their school counseling center or local psychologists, Auerbach suggested that they seek Internet resources, such as online cognitive behavioral therapy.
"University systems are currently working at capacity and counseling centers tend to be cyclical, with students ramping up service use toward the middle of the semester, which often creates a bottleneck," said Auerbach. "Internet-based clinical tools may be helpful in providing treatment to students who are less inclined to pursue services on campus or are waiting to be seen."
Future research needs focus on identifying which interventions work best for specific disorders, said Auerbach. For example, certain types of depression or anxiety may be best treated with certain types of Internet interventions, whereas other disorders, such as substance use, may require treatment in person by a psychologist or other mental health professional.
"Our long-term goal is to develop predictive models to determine which students will respond to different types of interventions," said Auerbach. "It is incumbent on us to think of innovative ways to reduce stigma and increase access to tools that may help students better manage stress."
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Article: "The WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and Distribution of Mental Disorders," by Randy Auerbach, PhD, Columbia University; Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD, and Gemma Vilagut, PhD, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona: Pim Cuijpers, PhD, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; David Ebert, PhD, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg; Penelope Hasking, PhD, Curtin University; Matthew Nock, PhD, Harvard University; Dan Stein, PhD, University of Cape Town: Alan Zaslavsky, PhD, Ronald Kessler, PhD, Stephanie Pinder-Amaker, PhD, and Nancy Simpson, PhD, Harvard Medical School; Philippe Mortier, MD, PhD, Koen Demyttenaere, MD, PhD, and Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Corina Benjet, PhD, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muniz; Jennifer Greif Green, PhD, Boston University; and Elaine Murray, PhD, Ulster University. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, published Sept. 13, 2018.
Full text of the article is available from the APA Public Affairs Office and at
http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/abn-abn0000362.pdf
Contact: Randy Auerbach via email at [email protected] or by phone at (646) 774-5745.
The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D.C., is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. APA's membership includes nearly 115,700 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 54 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people's lives.
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