ANN ARBOR–Watching television sometimes gets a bad rap–especially where children and screen time are concerned–but not all of it's deserved.
A recent University of Michigan study of low-income mothers found that when they watch parent-approved, educational programming with their child, television is viewed as a positive tool. Moms also report largely positive experiences when managing their child's media use, which challenges negative assumptions about low-income mothers and screen time management.
In the study, 296 low-income moms were asked about beliefs and rules regarding their 4-to-8-year-old child's television watching behavior, how they manage screen time and if they allow television during meals.
The amount of screen time children should be allowed, in particular TV–which is still the most popular electronic medium–is a huge issue in all demographics, but perhaps even more so for low-income children, said first author Sarah Domoff, a researcher at the U-M Center for Human Growth and Development and assistant professor at Central Michigan University.
That's because television watching is a risk factor for obesity, and low-income children watch more TV and have higher obesity rates than higher-income peers.
Understanding how mothers manage television for kids can foster positive, nonshaming conversations between clinicians and low-income parents about TV, which could ultimately help reduce screen time, Domoff said.
Five themes emerged during questioning. Mothers said that what their children watch on television is more important than how much. To that end, they focus on restricting programming and set time limits only in extreme cases.
The mothers in the study were confident in the programming choices they make for their children and put much thought into appropriate television. This challenges the assumption that low-income mothers experience problems managing their child's media use, Domoff said.
Positive experiences outweigh negative ones and challenges seem to reflect specific child factors or situational stressors, such as meal or bedtime. Moms also expressed concern about the effect of violent programming, but don't worry as much about commercials.
"That's important because we know that exposure to advertisements for fast food or sugar-sweetened beverages has been implicated as a risk factor for child obesity," Domoff said.
Mothers said their children vary in how much television they want to watch, with some demanding more than others–say, to fall asleep or eat. In cases where mothers worry about a child watching too much, they limit viewing time as well as restricted programming.
Researchers also found that moms enjoy the time they spend sharing quality programming with their children–especially watching their children learn.
"That's important because for families with fewer resources, watching television was something they valued, and it appeared to be an important activity that they enjoyed," Domoff said.
Finally, whether a mother allows television during meals depends on her goals. If she views meals as time for talking and family bonding, she doesn't allow television. However, if meals are viewed strictly as time for children to eat, mothers are more likely to allow television if it helps achieve that goal.
"Meals can be a very stressful time in some households," Domoff said. "The mother might need to get to a second job on time and need the child to eat quickly. Allowing television during the meal might encourage certain children to eat and help the mother accomplish her goals."
However, Domoff said that TV use during meals is also a risk factor for obesity, and other strategies to help children eat should be encouraged.
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Funding was provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and American Heart Association. Co-authors include Alison Miller, Kristen Harrison, Megan Pesch, Katherine Rosenblum and Julie Lumeng of U-M, and Neeaz Khalatbari of the Manhattan Children's Center.
The study, "Maternal beliefs about television and parental mediation in a low-income United States Sample" appears in the June issue of the Journal of Children and Media.
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Laura Bailey
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Story Source: Materials provided by Scienmag
